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Asociación entre la densidad mineral ósea y la espondilolistesis: un estudio de casos y controles emparejados

Elif Dilara Topcuoglu¹, Nursima Aydın², Mihrimah Kan²

¹Health Science University Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology, Adem Yavuz Street. No: 1, Umraniye, Istanbul 34764, Turkey.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery

|January 21, 2026

Resumen

La menor densidad mineral ósea, medida por las puntuaciones T de absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual (DXA), está relacionada con la espondilolistesis (SL). Esta asociación es particularmente fuerte en mujeres posmenopáusicas, lo que sugiere que DXA puede ayudar en la evaluación de SL.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ortopedia
Radiología
Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

La espondilolistesis (SL) es una afección espinal a menudo asociada con cambios degenerativos.
La absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual (DXA) es una herramienta común para evaluar la densidad mineral ósea (DMO).
La relación entre la DMO y la SL requiere una mayor investigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Examinar la asociación entre las puntuaciones T de DXA y la presencia de espondilolistesis (SL).
Determinar si la DMO influye en la probabilidad de desarrollar SL.
Explorar posibles diferencias en esta asociación según la demografía del paciente.

Principales métodos:

Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles emparejados utilizando datos retrospectivos.
Los pacientes con SL identificados mediante resonancia magnética lumbar se emparejaron 1:1 con controles según edad, sexo e IMC.
Se compararon las puntuaciones T de DXA (columna lumbar, cuello femoral, fémur total) entre los grupos utilizando pruebas t y regresión logística.

Principales resultados:

Los pacientes con SL exhibieron puntuaciones T significativamente más bajas en la columna lumbar, el cuello femoral y el fémur total en comparación con los controles.
La osteoporosis y la osteopenia fueron más prevalentes en el grupo de SL.
Las puntuaciones T bajas de la columna lumbar se asociaron de forma independiente con SL (OR 0,76), y se observó un efecto más fuerte en las mujeres (OR 0,61).

Conclusiones:

La reducción de la densidad mineral ósea de la columna lumbar, indicada por puntuaciones T más bajas, se asocia de forma independiente con la espondilolistesis.
Esta asociación es particularmente significativa en mujeres posmenopáusicas.
La evaluación por DXA puede ser un componente valioso de las evaluaciones preoperatorias para pacientes con SL.

Palabras clave:

índice de masa corporal densidad mineral ósea casos y controles DXA osteopenia osteoporosis espondilolistesis

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