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Estudio de optimización del sistema de ventilación operativa para túneles largos en autopistas secundarias

Xinjiang Wei¹, Shuai Li², Xiao Wang³

¹Department of Civil Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.

Scientific reports

|January 21, 2026

Resumen

Este estudio simuló la calidad del aire en túneles largos de autopistas durante atascos. Un sistema de ventilación combinado que utiliza pozos y ventiladores a reacción redujo significativamente la acumulación de contaminantes, mejorando la seguridad de los conductores.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ingeniería Civil
Ingeniería Ambiental
Ingeniería de Transporte

Sus antecedentes:

Los túneles largos de autopistas son cada vez más comunes, lo que provoca la acumulación de contaminantes.
La mala calidad del aire en los túneles representa riesgos para la salud de los conductores y pasajeros.
Los sistemas de ventilación existentes pueden ser insuficientes para condiciones extremas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Analizar la distribución de la concentración de gases contaminantes en túneles largos de autopistas bajo congestión extrema del tráfico.
Evaluar la efectividad de los sistemas de ventilación longitudinal en la mejora de la calidad del aire del túnel.
Investigar la eficiencia de un método de ventilación combinado que utiliza pozos de ventilación y ventiladores a reacción.

Principales métodos:

Se estableció un modelo a escala real 1:1 del túnel largo de la autopista secundaria Donggang Mountain.
Se utilizó software de simulación numérica (Fluent) para modelar escenarios de congestión del tráfico y ventilación.
Se analizaron las concentraciones de gases contaminantes y la eficiencia de la ventilación en diversas condiciones operativas.

Principales resultados:

El estudio identificó patrones de distribución de contaminantes dentro del túnel durante la congestión extrema.
Se demostró que los sistemas de ventilación longitudinal reducen las concentraciones de gases contaminantes en el túnel.
El método de ventilación combinado (pozos y ventiladores a reacción) demostró un rendimiento superior en comparación con la ventilación longitudinal de chorro completo.

Conclusiones:

Una estrategia de ventilación combinada que utiliza pozos y ventiladores a reacción es eficaz para mitigar la acumulación de contaminantes en túneles largos de autopistas.
Este enfoque mejora significativamente la calidad del aire del túnel y la seguridad del conductor durante la congestión del tráfico.
La tasa de crecimiento de la concentración de óxido de carbono (CO) disminuyó en un 50% con el método combinado, lo que resalta su eficiencia.

Palabras clave:

Calidad del aire Ventilación combinada Túneles largos de autopistas Congestión del tráfico Operación de túneles

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