Evolución centenaria y prácticas innovadoras de protección funcional en cirugía de cáncer colorrectal

In the over-century-long history of colorectal tumor surgery, achieving organ function preservation has consistently been a central topic. Currently, advancements in surgical techniques, updates in surgical platforms, and the development of multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment models have collectively driven the inheritance and evolution of theories and technologies for organ function preservation. Regarding innovations in surgical procedures, the progression from abdominoperineal resection to total mesorectal excision represents a developmental inheritance, shifting from mere radical tumor resection to preserving anal and neurological functions. In terms of surgical platform innovations, the evolution from 2D laparoscopy to robotic platforms has provided clearer surgical fields and more precise manipulation, offering a crucial platform guarantee for functional preservation. As for innovations in treatment strategies, the development from neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy to immunotherapy and the "watch-and-wait" strategy reflects an evolution in treatment concepts, elevating organ preservation to the new height of "surgical exemption". In the future, with continuous progress in fields such as artificial intelligence, medical-engineering integration, and equipment research and development, organ function preservation in colorectal tumor surgery will enter a new stage of multidisciplinary integrated development, leading to more innovative achievements and clinical translations.