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Asociación entre patrones de dieta y ejercicio y obesidad central en estudiantes en China

M H Xiang¹, X L Tian², W Cao¹

¹National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Health Commission, Beijing 100050, China.

Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi

|January 21, 2026

Resumen

Los hábitos alimentarios y la actividad física impactan significativamente la obesidad central en estudiantes chinos. La ingesta frecuente de bebidas y alimentos fritos, especialmente con baja actividad, aumenta el riesgo, mientras que las comidas regulares y el alto consumo de carne pueden ofrecer protección.

Área de la Ciencia:

Nutrición Pediátrica
Investigación sobre Obesidad
Salud Pública

Sus antecedentes:

La obesidad central es una preocupación creciente entre los niños en edad escolar en China.
Comprender la interacción entre la dieta y la actividad física es crucial para desarrollar intervenciones efectivas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Identificar patrones distintos de dieta-ejercicio entre estudiantes de primaria y secundaria en zonas rurales de China.
Investigar la asociación entre estos patrones y el riesgo de obesidad central.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizaron datos del Monitoreo de Salud Nutricional del "Programa de Mejora de la Nutrición para Estudiantes de Educación Obligatoria en Áreas Rurales" de 2023.
Se incluyeron 121.912 estudiantes de 8 a 15 años de 115 condados.
Se empleó análisis de clases latentes para identificar patrones de dieta-ejercicio y modelos de regresión logística para evaluar las asociaciones con la obesidad central.

Principales resultados:

Se identificaron cinco patrones de dieta-ejercicio, incluyendo "baja ingesta de alimentos y baja actividad" y "frecuentes ingestas de bebidas/alimentos fritos y baja actividad."
El patrón de "frecuentes ingestas de bebidas/alimentos fritos y alta actividad" se asoció positivamente con el riesgo de obesidad central (OR=1.142).
El patrón de "baja ingesta de alimentos y baja actividad" se asoció negativamente con el riesgo de obesidad central (OR=0.889), al igual que el alto consumo de carne y los patrones de ingesta frecuente de alimentos.

Conclusiones:

Patrones específicos de dieta-ejercicio están relacionados con el riesgo de obesidad central en estudiantes rurales chinos.
El consumo frecuente de bebidas y alimentos fritos, particularmente con baja actividad física, es un factor de riesgo significativo.
Promover la ingesta regular de alimentos, el alto consumo de carne y la educación nutricional dirigida, especialmente en relación con las elecciones post-ejercicio, puede ayudar a mitigar la obesidad central.

Palabras clave:

obesidad central patrones de dieta-ejercicio estudiantes chinos factores de riesgo factores protectores

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