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Comités de ética hospitalaria: responsabilidades, competencias y desafíos
Daniel Sperling1, Israel Doron2, Gila Yakov3
1University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. dsperling@univ.haifa.aci.il.
BMC medical ethics
|January 21, 2026
Resumen
Los Comités de Ética Hospitalaria (CEH) en Israel ofrecen apoyo pero enfrentan desafíos. Las brechas sistémicas en capacitación y participación limitan su efectividad en la toma de decisiones éticas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ética médica
- Gestión sanitaria
- Investigación cualitativa
Sus antecedentes:
- Los Comités de Ética Hospitalaria (CEH) brindan orientación ética en entornos clínicos.
- Sus prácticas, estructura y roles percibidos en Israel no se comprenden bien.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar las experiencias vividas de los miembros del CEH en hospitales israelíes.
- Comprender el significado que los miembros atribuyen a sus roles dentro de los CEH.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio cualitativo utilizando Análisis Fenomenológico Interpretativo (AFI).
- Se realizaron 13 entrevistas semiestructuradas con presidentes y miembros del CEH en 9 hospitales israelíes.
- Se analizaron los datos mediante codificación temática.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron 5 temas clave: provisión de apoyo, composición/capacitación del comité, problemas éticos comunes, funcionamiento decisorio y relaciones/limitaciones interinstitucionales.
- Los CEH funcionan como órganos duales de toma de decisiones legales y éticas.
- El potencial del comité se ve limitado por las brechas en capacitación, colaboración y participación.
Conclusiones:
- Los CEH en Israel desempeñan un doble papel crucial de apoyo a los médicos y pacientes.
- Las deficiencias sistémicas dificultan el pleno potencial de los CEH.
- Se recomienda una mayor investigación sobre las experiencias de los pacientes y la efectividad del comité.
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