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Neurobrucelosis con presentación de ictus agudo con abscesos cerebrales: reporte de un caso
Ghazaleh Jamalipour Soufi1, Ali Hekmatnia1, Amirhossein Sadeghian2
1Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan, Iran.
American journal of neurodegenerative disease
|January 22, 2026
Resumen
La neurobrucelosis, una infección rara del sistema nervioso central, puede simular síntomas de ictus. Este caso destaca la importancia de considerar la brucelosis en pacientes con anomalías neurológicas y de neuroimagen inexplicables.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurología
- Enfermedades Infecciosas
- Radiología
Sus antecedentes:
- La brucelosis es una enfermedad zoonótica comúnmente asociada con productos animales no pasteurizados.
- La afectación del sistema nervioso central (SNC), conocida como neurobrucelosis, es una complicación rara pero grave.
- La neurobrucelosis puede presentarse con diversos síntomas neurológicos y hallazgos característicos en la resonancia magnética (RM).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Informar sobre un caso extremadamente raro de neurobrucelosis que se presenta con síntomas similares a los de un ictus.
- Ilustrar los desafíos diagnósticos y las características de neuroimagen de la neurobrucelosis que simulan accidentes cerebrovasculares (ACV).
- Enfatizar la importancia de considerar la neurobrucelosis en los diagnósticos diferenciales de déficits neurológicos y lesiones cerebrales inexplicables.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de caso de un varón de 38 años con síntomas de cefalea, ataxia y disartria.
- Examen neurológico que revela parálisis facial central izquierda y signo de Babinski bilateral positivo.
- RM cerebral con y sin contraste para evaluar accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) y otras patologías intracraneales.
Principales resultados:
- La RM reveló un ictus isquémico agudo en el territorio de la arteria cerebral media (ACM) derecha y lesiones extra-axiales con realce anular.
- La evaluación serológica confirmó la brucelosis como causa subyacente.
- Los síntomas similares a los de un ictus y las anomalías de neuroimagen del paciente se atribuyeron a la neurobrucelosis.
Conclusiones:
- La neurobrucelosis puede presentarse de forma atípica con síntomas similares a los de un ictus y abscesos cerebrales.
- La consideración temprana de la brucelosis es crucial para pacientes con síntomas neurológicos inexplicables y neuroimagen anormal.
- El tratamiento antibiótico es el pilar fundamental para el manejo de la neurobrucelosis.
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