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El índice de masa corporal (IMC) alto es un factor de riesgo causal de demencia relacionada con la vascular. La presión arterial alta media parcialmente esta asociación, lo que sugiere que el IMC y la presión arterial son factores modificables clave para la prevención de la demencia.

Palabras clave:
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Genética
  • Salud Pública

Sus antecedentes:

  • La obesidad está relacionada con la demencia relacionada con la vascular, y los factores metabólicos son mediadores potenciales.
  • La causalidad entre la obesidad y la demencia sigue sin estar clara.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Determinar si el índice de masa corporal (IMC) alto aumenta causalmente el riesgo de demencia relacionada con la vascular.
  • Investigar si la hipertensión, la hiperlipidemia, la hiperglucemia o la inflamación median este efecto.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron estudios de cohortes prospectivos de Copenhague y el Reino Unido, incluidos datos de consorcios.
  • Se empleó la aleatorización mendeliana (RM) de una y dos muestras con datos a nivel individual y de resumen.
  • Se evaluó el riesgo de demencia relacionada con la vascular, enfermedad de Alzheimer y enfermedad isquémica del corazón.

Principales resultados:

  • La RM de una muestra mostró una odds ratio (OR) de 1.63 para demencia relacionada con la vascular por cada aumento de 1 DE en el IMC.
  • La RM de dos muestras arrojó ORs que oscilaron entre 1.54 y 1.98 por cada aumento de 1 DE en el IMC entre los métodos.
  • La presión arterial sistólica y diastólica mediaron el 18% y el 25% del efecto genético del IMC sobre la demencia relacionada con la vascular, respectivamente.

Conclusiones:

  • El IMC alto se asocia con un mayor riesgo de demencia relacionada con la vascular, tanto observacional como genéticamente.
  • La presión arterial alta es un mediador significativo en la relación entre el IMC y la demencia relacionada con la vascular.
  • El control del IMC alto y la presión arterial puede ser crucial para las estrategias de prevención de la demencia.