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Exposición a gran altitud en enfermedades pulmonares crónicas: fundamentos, evidencia actual y recomendaciones
Dinah Hertig1,2, Vincent Grunder3, Michael Furian1,2
1Klinik für Pneumologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich.
Therapeutische Umschau. Revue therapeutique
|January 22, 2026
Resumen
Los viajes a gran altitud pueden ser seguros para personas con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas como el asma y la EPOC con la preparación adecuada. El asesoramiento previo al viaje y la evaluación de riesgos son cruciales para controlar los efectos de la hipoxia hipobárica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina Pulmonar
- Fisiología de Altitud
- Salud Respiratoria
Sus antecedentes:
- Las altitudes moderadas a altas causan hipoxia hipobárica, lo que afecta a personas con afecciones respiratorias crónicas.
- Se observan efectos clínicamente relevantes en pacientes con asma, EPOC, VPP, SAHOS, EII y pos-trasplante de pulmón.
- Comprender el impacto de la altitud es vital para controlar la salud respiratoria.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Resumir los hallazgos actuales sobre la exposición a gran altitud en pacientes con diversas enfermedades respiratorias crónicas.
- Proporcionar orientación sobre el asesoramiento previo al viaje y las estrategias preventivas para estancias en altitud.
- Evaluar la seguridad de la exposición a gran altitud para personas con función respiratoria comprometida.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura sobre los hallazgos actuales de la exposición a gran altitud y las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas.
- Análisis de los efectos en grupos específicos de pacientes: asma, EPOC, VPP, SAHOS, EII, receptores de trasplante de pulmón.
- Evaluación de los componentes del asesoramiento previo al viaje: pruebas funcionales, evaluación de riesgos, prevención.
Principales resultados:
- La exposición a gran altitud presenta riesgos para personas con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas debido a la hipoxia hipobárica.
- Grupos específicos de pacientes (asma, EPOC, etc.) tienen respuestas variables a la altitud.
- La preparación previa al viaje, incluido el asesoramiento y la evaluación de riesgos, es esencial.
Conclusiones:
- Con una preparación adecuada y asesoramiento previo al viaje, las estancias en altitud pueden ser seguras para muchas personas con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas.
- La evaluación de riesgos y las estrategias preventivas son clave para mitigar los efectos adversos de la hipoxia hipobárica.
- Investigaciones adicionales pueden refinar las estrategias de manejo para pacientes respiratorios en altitud.
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