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Predictores periparto de dispareunia posparto: un estudio de cohorte observacional longitudinal
Anna Padoa1,2, Roni Tomashev3,4, Inbal Brenner3,5
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 5262000, Israel. annapadoa@gmail.com.
Archives of women's mental health
|January 22, 2026
Resumen
Las experiencias periparto negativas como el trastorno de estrés agudo (TEA) están relacionadas con la dispareunia posparto. Abordar estos problemas durante la atención prenatal y el parto puede ayudar a reducir el dolor durante las relaciones sexuales después del nacimiento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Reproductiva; Salud de la Mujer; Medicina Psicosomática
Sus antecedentes:
- La dispareunia posparto, o dolor durante las relaciones sexuales después del parto, afecta a un número significativo de mujeres. Comprender los factores que contribuyen a la dispareunia posparto es crucial para desarrollar intervenciones eficaces.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar los cambios en la dispareunia (dolor durante las relaciones sexuales) en el período posparto. Investigar si los resultados obstétricos y las reacciones emocionales periparto predicen la dispareunia posparto.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio observacional longitudinal en el que participaron 440 mujeres reclutadas en el posparto. Los datos recopilados incluyeron dispareunia preparto, dolor durante el parto, disociación periparto, sensación de control, trastorno de estrés agudo (TEA) y dispareunia posparto, lactancia y depresión. La información obstétrica se obtuvo de los registros clínicos.
Principales resultados:
- De 240 mujeres que reanudaron la actividad sexual, 52 (21,7%) informaron de dispareunia posparto. La dispareunia de nueva aparición afectó al 14,2%, la dispareunia persistente al 7,5% y la resolución se produjo en el 9,6%. Los síntomas del trastorno de estrés agudo (TEA) predijeron la gravedad de la dispareunia; la dispareunia persistente se asoció con una mayor gravedad, disociación, TEA y menor sensación de control durante el parto.
Conclusiones:
- Las experiencias periparto negativas se asocian con la dispareunia posparto. Se recomienda integrar el historial sexual en la atención prenatal. La mejora de las prácticas obstétricas para aumentar el control de las mujeres durante el parto y la detección temprana del TEA pueden reducir la dispareunia posparto.
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