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Autogestión de la incontinencia urinaria en mujeres: un estudio cualitativo utilizando el marco de comportamiento
Xiaotong Zhong1,2, Kailun Gao1,2, Yingying Zhang3
1Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101, China.
International urogynecology journal
|January 22, 2026
Resumen
La autogestión de la incontinencia urinaria en mujeres mayores se ve obstaculizada por ideas erróneas, baja efectividad percibida y apoyo inadecuado. Las intervenciones deben abordar factores individuales, sociales y sistémicos para una mejor adherencia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología
- Urología
- Comportamiento de Salud
Sus antecedentes:
- La incontinencia urinaria (UI) afecta a muchas mujeres de mediana edad y mayores.
- La adherencia del paciente a las pautas conservadoras de tratamiento de la UI a menudo es subóptima.
- Existe una brecha entre el manejo recomendado de la UI y su aplicación práctica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar los factores que influyen en los comportamientos de autogestión en mujeres de mediana edad y mayores con UI.
- Aplicar el marco de Comportamiento Proactivo de Salud (PHB) para comprender la autogestión de la UI.
- Identificar barreras y facilitadores para el autocuidado eficaz de la UI.
Principales métodos:
- Diseño de estudio descriptivo cualitativo.
- Entrevistas semiestructuradas con 21 mujeres de mediana edad y mayores diagnosticadas con UI.
- Análisis de datos mediante métodos inductivos y deductivos guiados por el marco PHB.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron siete temas, que incluyen ideas erróneas, disminución de la agencia, manejo estandarizado inadecuado, falta de apoyo social, presiones de la vida, patrones de estilo de vida y restricciones históricas.
- La mayoría de las participantes mostraron baja adherencia a la autogestión y una limitada disposición al tratamiento médico.
- Los factores de autogestión operan en niveles micro (cognitivo/motivacional), meso (apoyo social) y macro (sistema de atención médica).
Conclusiones:
- La autogestión de la UI en mujeres mayores es multifactorial.
- Se necesitan intervenciones integrales y multinivel para mejorar el manejo de la UI.
- Las intervenciones deben mejorar la conciencia y las competencias del paciente y promover el cambio de comportamiento.
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