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Uso de sustancias y muertes por toxicidad en el embarazo
Andi Camden1, Astrid Guttmann1, Jonathan Zipursky2
1Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; ICES, Toronto, Canada.
Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC
|January 22, 2026
Resumen
El uso de sustancias en el embarazo está aumentando, y la toxicidad de las drogas contribuye a casi 1 de cada 4 muertes relacionadas con el embarazo. La atención integral e individualizada es esencial para las personas embarazadas con trastornos por uso de sustancias y sus bebés.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Obstetricia y Ginecología
- Salud Pública
- Medicina de la Adicción
Sus antecedentes:
- El uso de drogas durante el embarazo presenta riesgos significativos tanto para la persona embarazada como para el feto.
- La toxicidad de las drogas es una preocupación creciente, que contribuye a la morbilidad y mortalidad materna e infantil.
- Comprender la epidemiología y los factores de riesgo es crucial para una intervención eficaz.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la literatura actual sobre la epidemiología del uso de sustancias en el embarazo.
- Identificar las características y los factores de riesgo asociados con la toxicidad de drogas en el embarazo.
- Sintetizar la información sobre el tratamiento de los trastornos por uso de sustancias en personas embarazadas.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura.
- Las búsquedas incluyeron PubMed, Google Scholar y Google hasta febrero de 2024.
- Se centró en estudios recientes, en inglés y canadienses.
Principales resultados:
- El uso de sustancias durante el embarazo ha aumentado significativamente en Canadá en las últimas dos décadas.
- Casi el 25% de las muertes asociadas al embarazo implican el uso de sustancias, lo que subraya la gravedad de la toxicidad de las drogas.
- El uso de opioides es el más común, pero está aumentando el uso combinado con estimulantes y benzodiazepinas.
Conclusiones:
- Existe una necesidad crítica de enfoques de atención integrales, individualizados y con conocimiento de traumas.
- Abordar las complejas necesidades de salud y sociales de las personas embarazadas con problemas de uso de sustancias es primordial.
- Son necesarias estrategias de atención mejoradas tanto para las personas como para sus hijos.
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