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Efectos del Glifosato en la Microbota Planctónica: Un Enfoque Experimental
Melissa Progênio1, Matheus Henrique Oliveira de Matos1, Edilaine Corrêa Leite1
1Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura-NUPELIA, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais-PEA, Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, Maringá, Brazil.
Environmental toxicology
|January 23, 2026
Resumen
La contaminación por el herbicida glifosato altera las comunidades planctónicas de agua dulce, afectando la riqueza y densidad de las especies. Las concentraciones más altas cambian la composición microbiana hacia especies más resistentes, lo que impacta los ecosistemas acuáticos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Ambientales
- Ecotoxicología
- Ecología Acuática
Sus antecedentes:
- El glifosato es un herbicida de uso generalizado con posibles impactos en los ecosistemas acuáticos.
- La investigación sobre los efectos del glifosato en las comunidades planctónicas completas es limitada.
- La comprensión de estos impactos es crucial para la salud y los servicios de los ecosistemas acuáticos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar los efectos de diferentes concentraciones de glifosato en la microbota planctónica de agua dulce.
- Evaluar los impactos en la riqueza, densidad y composición de la comunidad.
- Determinar las respuestas a nivel de especie y de comunidad a la exposición al glifosato.
Principales métodos:
- Simulación experimental de cuatro escenarios de contaminación por glifosato (control, bajo, alto y concentración máxima permitida en Brasil).
- Monitoreo de diversos grupos planctónicos, incluidas cianobacterias, algas, protozoos y micro-metazoos.
- Análisis de atributos de la comunidad: riqueza, densidad, composición y diversidad beta.
Principales resultados:
- Los efectos del glifosato variaron entre los grupos biológicos, y algunos respondieron en densidad (p. ej., nanoflagelados, rotíferos, copépodos).
- Los amebas testáceos y las cianobacterias mostraron cambios en la composición y riqueza de especies, respectivamente.
- Las concentraciones más altas de glifosato condujeron a composiciones de comunidad distintas, favoreciendo a las especies resistentes.
Conclusiones:
- La contaminación por glifosato impacta significativamente las comunidades planctónicas de agua dulce.
- La sensibilidad diferencial de las especies y los cambios en la comunidad resaltan los riesgos para el funcionamiento del ecosistema.
- Es esencial la protección de los ambientes acuáticos contra la contaminación por pesticidas.
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