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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

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Hiperhidrosis: prevalencia, diagnóstico y tratamiento escalonado
Deutsches Arzteblatt international
|January 23, 2026
Resumen
La sudoración excesiva, o hiperhidrosis, afecta al 2-5% de las personas y puede tratarse con diversos tratamientos. Si bien existen muchas opciones para mejorar la calidad de vida, los estudios de alta calidad sobre la eficacia a largo plazo son limitados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Dermatología; Tratamientos médicos
Sus antecedentes:
- La hiperhidrosis es la sudoración excesiva, clasificada como focal o generalizada, y la hiperhidrosis idiopática primaria afecta al 2-5% de la población.; La hiperhidrosis secundaria está relacionada con condiciones médicas subyacentes o medicamentos.; Esta revisión cubre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hiperhidrosis, incluida la eficacia y los efectos secundarios.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la evaluación diagnóstica de la hiperhidrosis.; Resumir las opciones de tratamiento actuales para la hiperhidrosis.; Discutir la eficacia y los efectos secundarios de varios tratamientos para la hiperhidrosis.
Principales métodos:
- Una revisión narrativa de publicaciones de las bases de datos Medline y Cochrane.; Las búsquedas incluyeron el término "hiperhidrosis" y términos específicos relacionados con el tratamiento.; Consideraciones de recomendaciones de expertos y guías clínicas.
Principales resultados:
- Las herramientas de diagnóstico incluyen historial clínico, prueba de yodo-yoduro de potasio, gravimetría y sudometría dinámica.; Los tratamientos comunes incluyen cloruro de aluminio, fármacos anticolinérgicos, inyecciones de toxina botulínica y curetaje subcutáneo, con una mejora del 60-70%.; Los efectos secundarios van desde reacciones locales hasta efectos anticolinérgicos sistémicos; otras opciones incluyen la iontoforesis y la simpatectomía.
Conclusiones:
- Múltiples modalidades de tratamiento pueden aliviar los síntomas de la hiperhidrosis y mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente.; La evidencia de alta calidad sobre la eficacia y los resultados a largo plazo de muchos tratamientos sigue siendo escasa.
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