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Los electrocatalizadores amorfos y cristalinos de alta entropía para H2 evolucionan en celdas de combustible basadas
Zhiwen Lu1,2, Junheng Huang1,2, Kai Chen1,2
1State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques Toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 23, 2026
Resumen
Los investigadores desarrollaron una nueva célula de combustible de aluminio-hidrógeno, reemplazando las lentas reacciones de oxígeno con una eficiente evolución de hidrógeno. Este sistema de almacenamiento de energía de alto rendimiento ofrece una alternativa prometedora a las baterías de metal-aire tradicionales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La electroquímica
- Ciencias de los materiales
- Almacenamiento de energía
Sus antecedentes:
- Las baterías de metal-aire ofrecen un almacenamiento de energía rentable, seguro y ecológico.
- La comercialización está limitada por la baja densidad de potencia y la deposición de carbonato.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Superar las limitaciones de las baterías de metal-aire mediante el desarrollo de una nueva célula de combustible de aluminio-hidrógeno alcalino/ácido.
- Mejorar la eficiencia del almacenamiento de energía reemplazando la reacción de reducción de oxígeno por la reacción de evolución de hidrógeno.
Principales métodos:
- Acoplamiento de la oxidación del ánodo de aluminio alcalino con una reacción de evolución de hidrógeno ácido impulsada por una aleación de alta entropía (HEA).
- Desarrollo de un HEA híbrido amorfo-cristalino (FeCoNiMnRu) como electrocatalisador de cátodo para HER.
- Investigación de la actividad catalítica y la estabilidad del catalizador HEA.
Principales resultados:
- Logró una densidad de potencia máxima récord de 964 mW cm-2 a 1319 mA cm-2.
- Demostrada longevidad durante más de 220 horas de funcionamiento continuo a 200 mA cm -2.
- Se mantiene una eficiencia de Faradaic casi perfecta (>99%) para la producción de hidrógeno.
Conclusiones:
- La célula de combustible de aluminio-hidrógeno desarrollada supera significativamente las baterías alcalinas de aluminio-aire existentes en rendimiento.
- Esta tecnología ofrece una vía para la entrega de energía de alta eficiencia y la síntesis de hidrógeno escalable.
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