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Comportamiento suicida entre agricultores de la región semiárida del Nordeste: un estudio de casos y controles
Emelynne Gabrielly de Oliveira Santos1, Isabelle Ribeiro Barbosa2
1Graduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Resumen
El comportamiento suicida en agricultores brasileños se relaciona con problemas de salud mental, tratamiento previo, trabajo temporal y exposición a pesticidas. Estos factores resaltan la vulnerabilidad de los trabajadores agrícolas en la región semiárida.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Agrícolas
- Psiquiatría
- Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- El comportamiento suicida es un problema complejo influenciado por múltiples factores.
- Los agricultores enfrentan factores estresantes ocupacionales únicos, lo que aumenta su vulnerabilidad a la angustia mental y al suicidio.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los factores asociados con el comportamiento suicida en agricultores de la región semiárida de Brasil.
- Identificar determinantes ocupacionales, de salud y sociales específicos que contribuyen al riesgo de suicidio en agricultores.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles entre 2019 y 2020 en Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil.
- El estudio incluyó 62 casos y 288 controles, con un total de 350 agricultores.
- El comportamiento suicida se evaluó utilizando la Escala de Ideación Suicida de Beck, con análisis de variables sociodemográficas, de salud, ingresos, trabajo y abuso de alcohol.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre el comportamiento suicida y los antecedentes familiares de trastorno mental (OR=2.76).
- Los trastornos mentales comunes (OR=4.25), el tratamiento previo de salud mental (OR=2.36) y el trabajo temporal/asalariado (OR=3.49) también se relacionaron con un mayor riesgo.
- La experiencia de intoxicación por pesticidas mostró una fuerte asociación con el comportamiento suicida (OR=4.94).
Conclusiones:
- Las condiciones de trabajo, el estado de salud mental y la exposición a pesticidas son factores críticos asociados con el comportamiento suicida en esta población de agricultores.
- Los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de intervenciones de salud mental específicas y mejores medidas de seguridad para los agricultores en las regiones agrícolas semiáridas.
- Abordar los peligros ocupacionales y el apoyo a la salud mental es crucial para la prevención del suicidio entre los agricultores.
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