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Trastornos del Desarrollo en Niños Recién Diagnosticados con Cáncer
Jamie Shoag1,2,3, Long Vu4, Ritika Miryala2
1Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Pediatric blood & cancer
|January 23, 2026
Resumen
Los niños diagnosticados con cáncer enfrentan un riesgo duplicado de trastornos del desarrollo (TD) poco después del diagnóstico. La detección temprana y la intervención son cruciales para estos pacientes con cáncer pediátrico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología Pediátrica
- Psicología del Desarrollo
- Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Los déficits neurocognitivos son conocidos en supervivientes adultos de cáncer.
- Los trastornos del desarrollo (TD) que surgen en niños poco después del diagnóstico de cáncer se comprenden menos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la prevalencia y el riesgo de trastornos del desarrollo en niños tras un diagnóstico de cáncer.
- Comparar las tasas de TD en pacientes con cáncer pediátrico frente a niños sin cáncer.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos vinculados del registro de cáncer de Ohio y Medicaid de 2016 a 2019.
- Se comparó la prevalencia de TD en 324 niños con cáncer frente a 606 913 controles sin cáncer.
- Se analizó el riesgo de TD antes y después del diagnóstico de cáncer.
Principales resultados:
- La prevalencia de TD prediagnóstico fue similar entre los grupos (16 % frente a 16,9 %).
- Después del diagnóstico, los niños con cáncer mostraron más del doble de riesgo de TD (RRA 2,09).
- Se observó un mayor riesgo de TD en múltiples dominios del desarrollo.
Conclusiones:
- Los trastornos del desarrollo surgen rápidamente después de un diagnóstico de cáncer pediátrico.
- El tratamiento y las toxicidades secundarias pueden contribuir al mayor riesgo de TD.
- Destaca la necesidad de detección temprana e intervenciones de rehabilitación para pacientes con cáncer pediátrico.
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