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Métodos de estimulación cerebral en psiquiatría
Océane Dufrenne1, Charles Laidi1
1Service de psychiatrie adulte, DMU IMPACT, CHU Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France.
La Revue du praticien
|January 23, 2026
Resumen
La estimulación cerebral ofrece un enfoque de tratamiento psiquiátrico dirigido para trastornos graves o resistentes al tratamiento, mitigando los efectos secundarios sistémicos comunes de las terapias tradicionales. Se exploran técnicas como la electroconvulsoterapia y la estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psiquiatría
- Neurociencia
- Neuromodulación
Sus antecedentes:
- Los trastornos psiquiátricos son comunes y afectan al 15% de las visitas médicas generales.
- Los trastornos graves y resistentes al tratamiento alteran significativamente el funcionamiento diario y resisten los tratamientos convencionales.
- Las terapias farmacológicas tienen acciones sistémicas, lo que puede causar efectos adversos metabólicos o neurológicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Introducir la estimulación cerebral como una estrategia terapéutica novedosa en psiquiatría.
- Destacar la acción focal de la estimulación cerebral para mitigar los efectos secundarios sistémicos.
- Revisar diversas técnicas de estimulación cerebral utilizadas en la práctica clínica y la investigación.
Principales métodos:
- Electroconvulsoterapia (ECT) utilizada en la práctica clínica rutinaria.
- Estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva (rTMS) explorada en investigación.
- Estimulación transcraneal por corriente directa (tDCS), estimulación cerebral profunda (DBS) y estimulación del nervio vago (VNS) también se mencionan como técnicas en el campo de la investigación.
Principales resultados:
- Las técnicas de estimulación cerebral ofrecen un enfoque terapéutico focal.
- Estos métodos tienen como objetivo reducir los efectos adversos sistémicos asociados con los tratamientos farmacológicos.
- Existen múltiples modalidades de estimulación cerebral disponibles para el tratamiento psiquiátrico, que varían según la aplicación clínica o de investigación.
Conclusiones:
- La estimulación cerebral representa una alternativa prometedora para los trastornos psiquiátricos, particularmente cuando los tratamientos convencionales fallan.
- La naturaleza focal de la estimulación cerebral permite una intervención dirigida, minimizando los efectos secundarios generalizados.
- La investigación y la aplicación clínica continuas de técnicas como ECT, rTMS, tDCS, DBS y VNS están ampliando las opciones de tratamiento.
Palabras clave:
Estimulación cerebral profundaElectroconvulsoterapiaEstimulación magnética transcranealMás Videos Relacionados
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