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Azúcares en la dieta de los niños: fuentes actuales, determinantes e impactos en la salud
María L Miguel-Berges1,2,3, Guiomar Masip1,2,3, Luis A Moreno1,2,3
1Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD-B34_23R) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud e Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza.
Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
|January 23, 2026
Resumen
La ingesta de azúcares libres sigue siendo alta en niños y adolescentes europeos, superando las recomendaciones. Esta tendencia contribuye a problemas de salud como la obesidad y la caries dental, lo que requiere estrategias de prevención integrales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencia de la Nutrición; Salud Pública; Pediatría
Sus antecedentes:
- El consumo de azúcares libres en jóvenes europeos es una preocupación importante para la salud pública.; Los niveles de ingesta actuales a menudo superan las pautas dietéticas establecidas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Sintetizar la evidencia sobre la ingesta de azúcares libres en niños y adolescentes europeos.; Examinar las tendencias de consumo, los determinantes, los resultados de salud y las estrategias de prevención.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de la literatura científica actual.; Análisis de estudios longitudinales y evaluaciones de políticas.
Principales resultados:
- El consumo de azúcar sigue siendo elevado, especialmente en adolescentes, siendo las bebidas azucaradas y la confitería las principales fuentes.; Los factores socioeconómicos, la influencia de los padres y el tiempo de pantalla son determinantes clave.; La alta ingesta se asocia con un mayor riesgo de adiposidad, problemas cardiometabólicos y caries dental.; Las intervenciones políticas, como los impuestos, muestran potencial pero carecen de una implementación europea consistente.
Conclusiones:
- Abordar la ingesta de azúcares libres requiere intervenciones multinivel, incluidos programas para la primera infancia y cambios en las políticas.; Los profesionales de la salud deben proporcionar educación y apoyo nutricional consistentes.; La acción europea coordinada es crucial para reducir la ingesta de azúcar y prevenir enfermedades crónicas a lo largo de la vida.
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