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Recubrimiento de Enfriamiento Radiativo Pasivo Diurno Ultradelgado y de Alta Eficiencia mediante Co-diseño de
Yiwei Fu1, Yuxu Wang1, Yitong Ding1
1Laboratory of Advanced Optical Polymer and Manufacturing Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|January 25, 2026
Resumen
Este estudio presenta un recubrimiento ultradelgado de polímero-partícula para enfriamiento radiativo pasivo diurno. El recubrimiento avanzado logra una alta reflectancia solar y emisividad infrarroja, reduciendo significativamente las temperaturas y ahorrando energía para vehículos aéreos no tripulados y edificios.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencia de los Materiales
- Nanotecnología
- Termodinámica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los recubrimientos de enfriamiento radiativo pasivo diurno (PDRC) a base de polímeros ofrecen una solución al calentamiento global al reflejar la radiación solar y emitir calor infrarrojo.
- Los recubrimientos PDRC actuales requieren un espesor considerable para un alto rendimiento, lo que aumenta el costo y el peso.
- Optimizar tanto la reflectancia solar como la emisividad de infrarrojo medio en recubrimientos delgados sigue siendo un desafío.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar recubrimientos ultradelgados de PDRC con un rendimiento óptico superior.
- Aprovechar una estrategia de co-diseño de polímero-partícula para mejorar el enfriamiento radiativo.
- Investigar la aplicación de estos recubrimientos para la gestión térmica de vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV) y la conservación de energía en edificios.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó una estrategia de co-diseño de polímero-partícula, seleccionando materiales con grupos funcionales que resuenan dentro de la ventana de transparencia atmosférica (ATW).
- Se utilizó la teoría de la dispersión de Lorenz-Mie para optimizar los tamaños de partícula y mejorar la absorción en la ATW y la dispersión del espectro solar.
- Se evaluaron las propiedades ópticas (reflectancia solar y emisividad MIR) y el rendimiento térmico.
Principales resultados:
- El recubrimiento desarrollado logró una alta reflectancia solar del 93,8% y una emisividad de infrarrojo medio del 97,1%.
- El espesor del recubrimiento se redujo al 40% del de los recubrimientos comerciales.
- El recubrimiento demostró reducciones significativas de temperatura de hasta 8,1 °C para superficies de UAV y 5,7 °C para entornos interiores simulados, con importantes ahorros de energía anuales en diversas ubicaciones.
Conclusiones:
- La estrategia propuesta de co-diseño de polímero-partícula permite la fabricación de recubrimientos de enfriamiento radiativo ultradelgados y de alto rendimiento.
- El recubrimiento desarrollado muestra un gran potencial para la gestión térmica en UAV.
- Esta tecnología ofrece importantes beneficios de ahorro de energía para edificios en regiones de latitud baja y media.
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