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Mejora cognitiva a través de la musicoterapia: evidencia meta-analítica en poblaciones clínicas
Gabriella Jeanne Mulia1, Yung-Hsiao Chiang2,3,4,5, Stephanie Grace Maringka6
1International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Frontiers in public health
|January 26, 2026
Resumen
La musicoterapia mejora significativamente la función cognitiva en adultos mayores. Las intervenciones de escucha pasiva, especialmente las de más de tres meses, muestran la mayor promesa para la mejora cognitiva.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia
- Gerontología
- Musicoterapia
Sus antecedentes:
- El declive cognitivo es un importante problema de salud pública en las poblaciones de edad avanzada.
- La musicoterapia es una intervención prometedora no invasiva para la mejora cognitiva.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Realizar un metaanálisis de intervenciones de musicoterapia para la función cognitiva.
- Evaluar el impacto de la musicoterapia en los resultados cognitivos utilizando el Mini-Examen del Estado Mental (MMSE).
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un metaanálisis de 14 estudios publicados entre 2010 y 2025.
- Se sintetizaron los datos de estudios que evaluaron los resultados del MMSE después de intervenciones de musicoterapia.
Principales resultados:
- La musicoterapia demostró una mejora significativa en la función cognitiva (DME = 0.46).
- Las terapias de escucha pasiva de más de 3 meses mostraron mayores efectos (DME = 0.62).
- Estudios recientes no aleatorizados y publicaciones posteriores a 2019 indicaron efectos mayores, posiblemente debido a avances tecnológicos.
Conclusiones:
- La musicoterapia basada en el oído puede mejorar la neuroplasticidad al modular el sistema dopaminérgico y la red neuronal por defecto.
- La musicoterapia representa una estrategia accesible y escalable para la mejora cognitiva en diversas poblaciones.
- La investigación futura debe estandarizar los protocolos e investigar los mecanismos neurobiológicos para optimizar las estrategias terapéuticas.
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