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Desafíos y avances en la implementación de políticas de acción afirmativa en programas de posgrado de enfermería
Ygor de Oliveira Navarro da Conceição1, Bruno Pereira da Silva2,3, Frantz Rousseau Deus1
1School of Nursing, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Frontiers in public health
|January 26, 2026
Resumen
La implementación de la acción afirmativa (AA) en los programas de posgrado de enfermería brasileños enfrenta desafíos como interpretaciones variadas y barreras institucionales. Una AA eficaz requiere directrices claras, apoyo legal y estrategias de retención para la equidad racial.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la Salud; Ciencias Sociales; Política Educativa
Sus antecedentes:
- Las políticas de acción afirmativa (AA) se adoptan cada vez más en los programas de posgrado brasileños para combatir las inequidades raciales.
- La implementación enfrenta desafíos que incluyen tensiones institucionales, ambigüedades conceptuales y adhesión inconsistente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los desafíos y el progreso de la implementación de la acción afirmativa (AA) dentro de un Programa de Posgrado de Enfermería en Brasil.
- Comprender las perspectivas de los gerentes académicos sobre la implementación de la AA.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio cualitativo que involucró a siete gerentes académicos de un Programa de Posgrado de Enfermería (2015-2024).
- El muestreo intencional se complementó con una estrategia de bola de nieve para el reclutamiento de participantes.
- Los datos se recopilaron a través de entrevistas en profundidad y se analizaron utilizando análisis temático inductivo.
Principales resultados:
- Emergieron cuatro temas clave: diversas interpretaciones de la AA, barreras institucionales (indicadores de evaluación, falta de regulaciones/apoyo legal), proceso de adopción influenciado por desacuerdos y proyectos externos, y limitaciones de las políticas centradas en el acceso sin estrategias de retención. Los gerentes reconocieron la importancia de la AA para la equidad racial, pero notaron restricciones de implementación debido a lagunas normativas, puntos de vista meritocráticos y homogeneidad de liderazgo.
Conclusiones:
- La AA eficaz en la educación de posgrado requiere la integración en proyectos institucionales con directrices claras, respaldo legal y sólidas estrategias de retención.
- Las universidades deben mejorar los mecanismos de apoyo, como becas, ayuda psicosocial y establecer comités permanentes de inclusión.
- El estudio ofrece perspectivas novedosas sobre la implementación de la AA en el Sur Global, contribuyendo a las discusiones globales sobre la equidad en salud.
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