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Interacciones huésped-patógeno en la peste porcina africana: de la entrada viral a la progresión de la enfermedad

Danyang Zhang¹, Shilei Zhang¹, Fayu Yang¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.

|January 26, 2026

Resumen

El virus de la peste porcina africana (ASFV) causa una enfermedad letal en los cerdos. Comprender la replicación y la evasión inmune del ASFV es crucial para desarrollar vacunas y antivirales eficaces para proteger la seguridad alimentaria mundial.

Área de la Ciencia:

Virología
Inmunología
Medicina Veterinaria

Sus antecedentes:

La peste porcina africana (PPA) es una enfermedad hemorrágica altamente contagiosa y letal en cerdos domésticos.
El virus de la peste porcina africana (ASFV) es un virus grande de ADN de doble cadena responsable de la PPA.
Los desafíos actuales en el control de la PPA se derivan de la falta de vacunas y antivirales eficaces.

Objetivo del estudio:

Sintetizar el conocimiento actual sobre los mecanismos de replicación del ASFV.
Elucidar las estrategias del ASFV para evadir las defensas inmunes del huésped.
Correlacionar los mecanismos virales con el daño al huésped y la patología de la enfermedad.

Principales métodos:

Revisión exhaustiva de la literatura sobre la replicación y patogénesis del ASFV.
Análisis de las interacciones huésped-patógeno y las tácticas de evasión inmune.
Integración de datos moleculares, clínicos y patológicos.

Principales resultados:

El ASFV emplea mecanismos complejos para la replicación y la evasión inmune del huésped.
Comprender estos mecanismos es clave para la patogénesis del ASFV.
Persisten importantes lagunas de conocimiento en la replicación y la evasión inmune del ASFV.

Conclusiones:

La investigación adicional sobre la replicación y la evasión inmune del ASFV es fundamental.
Este conocimiento es esencial para el desarrollo de nuevas vacunas y terapias antivirales.
Abordar estas lagunas reforzará la producción porcina mundial y la seguridad alimentaria.

Palabras clave:

Virus de la peste porcina africana Apoptosis Tormenta de citoquinas Daño al huésped Evasión inmune Patogénesis Lesión vascular

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