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Realidad virtual basada en la remediación cognitiva en enfermedades mentales graves: evidencia actual de una revisión
Andrea Fiorillo1, Stefano Barlati2,3, Matteo Di Vincenzo1
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy.
Schizophrenia research. Cognition
|January 26, 2026
Resumen
La remediación cognitiva basada en realidad virtual (RC-RV) muestra una promesa para mejorar el funcionamiento cognitivo y diario en enfermedades mentales graves (EMG). Se necesita más investigación para confirmar la efectividad a largo plazo y la rentabilidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia
- Psiquiatría
- Medicina de Rehabilitación
Sus antecedentes:
- El deterioro cognitivo es un desafío significativo en enfermedades mentales graves (EMG) como la esquizofrenia, la depresión y el trastorno bipolar.
- Este deterioro afecta negativamente los resultados funcionales y la calidad de vida de las personas con EMG.
- La remediación cognitiva (RC) es una intervención establecida para mejorar el funcionamiento cognitivo y diario en poblaciones con EMG.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la literatura actual sobre la efectividad de la remediación cognitiva basada en realidad virtual (RC-RV) totalmente inmersiva para personas con EMG.
- Explorar los beneficios potenciales de la RC-RV, incluida la participación, la transferencia al mundo real y la entrega remota.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión narrativa de estudios existentes sobre intervenciones de RC-RV en poblaciones con EMG.
- Síntesis de hallazgos preliminares sobre la eficacia y aplicación de la RC-RV.
Principales resultados:
- Los hallazgos preliminares sugieren que la RC-RV puede mejorar la participación en el tratamiento y facilitar la transferencia de las ganancias cognitivas a la vida real.
- La RC-RV también muestra potencial para apoyar la entrega remota de intervenciones.
- Los estudios actuales están limitados por tamaños de muestra pequeños, períodos de seguimiento cortos y medidas de resultado inconsistentes.
Conclusiones:
- La RC-RV es un enfoque prometedor para la remediación cognitiva en EMG, que ofrece una mayor participación y potencial de aplicación en el mundo real.
- Se necesitan más ensayos controlados aleatorios a gran escala para validar la efectividad a largo plazo, la generalización y la rentabilidad.
- La estandarización de las medidas de resultado y los períodos de seguimiento más largos son cruciales para la investigación futura.
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