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The term "intelligence" is complex because it refers to both behavior and individuals, and its interpretation varies across cultures. European Americans tend to link intelligence with reasoning and cognitive skills, while in Kenya, it is tied to responsible participation in family and social life. In Uganda, intelligence is seen as the ability to know the right actions and carry them out effectively, while the Iatmul people of Papua New Guinea associate it with the capacity to remember...
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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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Psychologists measure intelligence by using standardized tests that produce a score known as the intelligence quotient or IQ. To understand IQ tests, it's important to recognize the key principles behind their construction: validity, reliability, and standardization.
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Raymond Cattell, along with John Horn, made significant contributions to our understanding of intelligence by distinguishing between two types: fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence.
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Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence posits that intelligence is composed of three distinct but interrelated components: analytical, creative, and practical intelligence.
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Will Unreasonable CMS Expectations Worsen Knee Osteoarthritis Care?: Commentary on an article by Leo Zalikha, MD, et al.: " Substantial Clinical Benefit After Total Knee Arthroplasty Has Been Set Too High. An Analysis of the American Joint Replacement Registry ".

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¿Pueden los modelos de inteligencia artificial recomendar adecuadamente cirujanos de artroplastia de rodilla?

Colin M Emrich1, Ethan C Gazan1, Alexander J Baur1,2

  • 1Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lynchburg, VA, USA.

HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery
|January 26, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

Los modelos de lenguaje grandes (LLM) pueden sugerir cirujanos de artroplastia total de rodilla (ATR), pero la precisión varía. Si bien el 66% de las recomendaciones fueron apropiadas, la confiabilidad de la información de contacto fue baja, lo que resalta la necesidad de una mayor investigación.

Palabras clave:
inteligencia artificialcomportamiento de búsqueda de informacióncirujano ortopédicoparticipación del pacienteartroplastia total de rodilla

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Inteligencia Artificial en la Atención Médica
  • Informática Médica
  • Sistemas de Recomendación Quirúrgica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los modelos de lenguaje grandes (LLM) son utilizados cada vez más por el público para obtener información sobre la salud.
  • Los pacientes buscan asistencia impulsada por IA para consultas médicas, incluidas las derivaciones quirúrgicas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar la capacidad de los LLM actuales para recomendar cirujanos de artroplastia total de rodilla (ATR).
  • Evaluar la idoneidad y confiabilidad de las recomendaciones de cirujanos generadas por LLM.

Principales métodos:

  • Se solicitó a tres LLM (ChatGPT, Gemini, DeepSeek) que identificaran cirujanos de ATR en cuatro ciudades de EE. UU.
  • Las búsquerdas evaluaron la idoneidad del cirujano (práctica de ATR, estado activo) y la precisión de los detalles de contacto.
  • Se analizaron los razonamientos de los LLM y las fuentes de información.

Principales resultados:

  • En general, el 66% de las recomendaciones de cirujanos de ATR por parte de los LLM fueron apropiadas.
  • Gemini (87%) y ChatGPT (74%) tuvieron un mejor desempeño que DeepSeek (36%).
  • Solo el 23% de los detalles de contacto proporcionados fueron precisos, con una variación significativa entre los modelos.

Conclusiones:

  • Los LLM demuestran potencial para identificar cirujanos de ATR, pero exhiben variabilidad en la precisión.
  • La confiabilidad de la validación de la experiencia del cirujano y la información de contacto requiere mejoras.
  • Se necesita más investigación para comprender los criterios de recomendación de los LLM para las derivaciones quirúrgicas.