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¿La memoria en la edad adulta avanzada está influenciada por los cambios en la contaminación del aire en la década
Kristina Van Dang1,2, Lucia Pacca3, Jennifer Weuve4
1Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|January 26, 2026
Resumen
La exposición a largo plazo a la contaminación del aire, específicamente a partículas finas (PM2.5) y dióxido de nitrógeno (NO2), se relaciona con el deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores. Incluso si los niveles de contaminación disminuyen más tarde, la alta exposición temprana afecta negativamente la memoria.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Ambiental
- Neurociencia
- Gerontología
Sus antecedentes:
- El envejecimiento cognitivo está influenciado por factores ambientales, incluida la contaminación del aire.
- Comprender el impacto a largo plazo de contaminantes específicos en la memoria es crucial para la salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Caracterizar las trayectorias de exposición a la contaminación del aire durante 10 años (PM2.5 y NO2) utilizando análisis de secuencias y clúster.
- Evaluar la asociación entre estas trayectorias de contaminación y la memoria episódica en adultos mayores.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos del National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) de 6750 participantes de 65 años o más.
- Se desarrollaron nueve clústeres distintos de trayectorias de contaminación del aire basados en datos de áreas censales de 2000 a 2010.
- Se emplearon modelos lineales para evaluar la asociación entre los clústeres de contaminación y las puntuaciones de memoria episódica de 2011, ajustando por covariables.
Principales resultados:
- Agrupó 1080 trayectorias únicas en nueve grupos distintos.
- Las concentraciones más altas de contaminantes, particularmente en 2000, se asociaron con puntuaciones de memoria más bajas en 2011.
- La exposición a altos niveles de PM2.5 y NO2 en 2000, incluso con una posterior disminución de NO2, resultó en puntuaciones de memoria significativamente más bajas.
Conclusiones:
- Los patrones temporales de exposición a la contaminación del aire impactan significativamente el envejecimiento cognitivo.
- La exposición temprana a PM2.5 y NO2 representa un riesgo para la función de la memoria en adultos mayores.
- El análisis de secuencias proporciona un método novedoso para evaluar patrones complejos de exposición a la contaminación del aire y sus efectos sobre la salud.
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