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Modelo de Daño Progresivo para Laminados Compuestos en Entornos Higrotérmicos

Dong Zhou1, HongJun Liu2, ShengLi Lv2

  • 1School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.

ACS omega
|January 26, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

El envejecimiento higrotérmico degrada los compuestos de fibra de carbono. Un nuevo modelo predice fallos en estos entornos, mostrando una reducción del 10,3 % en la resistencia de los compuestos T300/5208 debido a la humedad y el calor.

Palabras clave:
envejecimiento higrotérmicocompuestos de fibra de carbonomodelo de daño progresivoresistencia a la flexiónabsorción de humedad

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de Materiales
  • Ingeniería Mecánica
  • Materiales Compuestos

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los compuestos de polímeros reforzados con fibra de carbono son susceptibles a la degradación de las propiedades mecánicas debido al envejecimiento higrotérmico.
  • Es crucial comprender y predecir el fallo en estos materiales bajo estrés ambiental para la integridad estructural.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar y validar un modelo tridimensional de daño progresivo para predecir el fallo de estructuras compuestas en entornos higrotérmicos.
  • Analizar los efectos del envejecimiento higrotérmico en las propiedades mecánicas y los mecanismos de fallo de los compuestos T300/5208.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrollo de una subrutina UMAT dentro de un software de análisis de elementos finitos para simular la evolución del daño.
  • Pruebas experimentales que incluyen absorción de humedad y pruebas de flexión en tres puntos en especímenes T300/5208 bajo condiciones higrotérmicas (70 °C, 85 % HR).
  • Análisis microscópico (microscopio digital, FSEM) para observar secciones transversales y morfología de la fractura.

Principales resultados:

  • El modelo propuesto predice con precisión los modos de fallo y la evolución del daño en entornos higrotérmicos.
  • La absorción de humedad saturada en los compuestos T300/5208 alcanzó aproximadamente el 0,56 %.
  • El envejecimiento higrotérmico provocó una reducción del 10,3 % en la resistencia a la flexión del laminado compuesto T300/5208.

Conclusiones:

  • El modelo de daño progresivo desarrollado es eficaz para evaluar el comportamiento de los compuestos bajo envejecimiento higrotérmico.
  • La exposición higrotérmica impacta significativamente el rendimiento mecánico de los compuestos de fibra de carbono.
  • El análisis detallado de la morfología de la fractura proporciona información sobre el mecanismo de envejecimiento higrotérmico.