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Trayectorias Morfológicas de los Músculos Masticatorios a lo Largo de la Vida: Un Estudio Transversal de RM de Alta
The Journal of craniofacial surgery
|January 26, 2026
Resumen
Los músculos de la masticación (MMM) crecen rápidamente en la juventud y se estabilizan en la edad adulta, con una disminución del grosor después de los 30 años, especialmente en los músculos temporal y masetero. Estos cambios en los MMM ofrecen información sobre el envejecimiento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Anatomía
- Ingeniería Biomédica
- Radiología
Sus antecedentes:
- Los músculos de la masticación (MMM) son vitales para la función mandibular.
- Los MMM están emergiendo como biomarcadores potenciales para afecciones relacionadas con la edad.
- Existen datos morfológicos limitados a lo largo de la vida para los MMM, especialmente más allá del músculo temporal.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Caracterizar las trayectorias de desarrollo de los MMM a lo largo de la vida humana.
- Evaluar la simetría bilateral de los MMM, las diferencias sexuales y la morfología comparativa.
- Proporcionar datos de referencia para los MMM como biomarcadores clínicos.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó RM de alta resolución de 3,0 T en 211 sujetos (edad 1-87 años).
- Se tomaron mediciones morfométricas (longitud, anchura, grosor) de cuatro MMM bilateralmente.
- Se evaluaron las tendencias relacionadas con la edad y la simetría mediante regresión LOESS y análisis de Bland-Altman.
Principales resultados:
- Los MMM mostraron un rápido crecimiento en la infancia/adolescencia, alcanzando su punto máximo entre los 25 y 30 años.
- La longitud y la anchura del músculo adulto fueron estables.
- El grosor disminuyó progresivamente después de los 30 años, acelerándose después de los 60 años.
- Se observó una alta simetría bilateral.
- El dimorfismo sexual surgió en la adolescencia.
Conclusiones:
- La morfología de los MMM exhibe distintas trayectorias a lo largo de la vida, siendo el grosor el parámetro más sensible a la edad.
- Los músculos temporal y masetero muestran una disminución significativa del grosor relacionada con la edad, a diferencia de los músculos pterigoideos.
- Los hallazgos respaldan las mediciones de los MMM como biomarcadores clínicos, sugiriendo la consideración de parámetros más allá del grosor del temporal.
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