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Ampliación de perspectivas para reducir los daños del consumo de alcohol en la universidad: Un estudio cualitativo
Sarah J Chavez1, Madeline C Montgomery2, Angelo M DiBello3
1Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton.
Resumen
Los estudiantes universitarios que beben en exceso identificaron 28 estrategias de reducción de daños (SRD), incluyendo enfoques novedosos como la rendición de cuentas social y la conciencia corporal. Estas estrategias se pueden categorizar por momento (antes, durante y después de beber) y contexto social (independiente o con apoyo).
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología
- Salud Pública
- Investigación sobre el Abuso de Sustancias
Sus antecedentes:
- Existe una investigación reciente limitada sobre estrategias de reducción de daños (SRD) para estudiantes universitarios con alto consumo de alcohol.
- La literatura existente se enfoca principalmente en estrategias durante los eventos de consumo de alcohol, descuidando otras dimensiones temporales y sociales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar SRD novedosas recomendadas por estudiantes universitarios con alto consumo de alcohol.
- Explorar las características temporales y sociales de estas estrategias.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis cualitativo de las respuestas a cuestionarios abiertos de 179 estudiantes universitarios con alto consumo de alcohol.
- Se utilizó el análisis temático para identificar y categorizar las SRD.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron 28 SRD distintas, algunas se alinean con medidas existentes y otras son novedosas (p. ej., rendición de cuentas social, conciencia corporal).
- Las SRD se categorizaron según su ocurrencia: antes, durante y/o después de los eventos de consumo de alcohol.
- Las estrategias también se clasificaron según su necesidad de apoyo social frente a la implementación independiente.
Conclusiones:
- Se propone un marco novedoso para comprender las SRD en estudiantes universitarios con alto consumo de alcohol, enfatizando las dimensiones temporales y sociales.
- Los esfuerzos de prevención deben considerar una gama más amplia de SRD, incluidas aquellas implementadas de forma independiente o que requieren apoyo social.
- Ampliar el repertorio de SRD puede mejorar las estrategias de reducción de daños relacionadas con el alcohol.
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