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Síntomas negativos en etapas de desarrollo en el espectro de la psicosis
Vijay A Mittal1, Wing-Chung Chang2, Elaine F Walker3
1Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, United States; Institute for Adolescent Mental Health and Well-Being, Northwestern University, United States; Adolescent Development and Preventive Treatment (ADAPT) Laboratory, Northwestern University, United States.
Schizophrenia research
|January 26, 2026
Resumen
Los síntomas negativos en la esquizofrenia se desarrollan temprano y empeoran con el tiempo, afectando significativamente la función diaria. Los tratamientos actuales ofrecen un beneficio limitado, lo que resalta una necesidad crítica insatisfecha en la atención de la psicosis.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psiquiatría y Neurociencia
- Psicología Clínica
- Psicología del Desarrollo
Sus antecedentes:
- Los síntomas negativos son una característica principal de la esquizofrenia y otras psicosis.
- Estos síntomas causan una discapacidad funcional significativa y responden mal a los tratamientos actuales.
- Comprender la trayectoria de desarrollo de los síntomas negativos es crucial para el avance terapéutico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar las manifestaciones de los síntomas negativos en las etapas de desarrollo de la psicosis.
- Explorar la relación entre los síntomas negativos, la discapacidad funcional y la progresión de la enfermedad.
- Discutir las implicaciones del tratamiento basadas en un marco de desarrollo.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de literatura centrada en los síntomas negativos en la esquizofrenia y trastornos relacionados.
- Análisis de los síntomas negativos en un contexto de desarrollo, desde las etapas premórbidas hasta las crónicas.
- Síntesis de los hallazgos sobre dominios de síntomas, resultados funcionales y desafíos del tratamiento.
Principales resultados:
- Los síntomas negativos emergen temprano, con formas atenuadas en la fase prodrómica, prediciendo el inicio de la psicosis.
- La gravedad de los síntomas se correlaciona con el deterioro funcional, un peor ajuste y una mayor duración de la psicosis no tratada.
- Los síntomas negativos persistentes aumentan con la cronicidad de la enfermedad, lo que lleva a un peor pronóstico y una discapacidad pronunciada.
Conclusiones:
- Los síntomas negativos siguen una trayectoria de desarrollo progresiva a lo largo del curso de la enfermedad psicótica.
- El abordaje de los síntomas negativos requiere una perspectiva de desarrollo para una intervención eficaz.
- La necesidad terapéutica insatisfecha de los síntomas negativos exige nuevas estrategias de tratamiento informadas por su naturaleza de desarrollo.
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