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Aprovechamiento de las Purinas: Actividad Anticancerígena y Enfoques Específicos de Diana

Gourav Arora1, Sourav Kalra1,2, Rajwant Kaur1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140143, India.

Medicinal chemistry (Shariqah (United Arab Emirates))
|January 27, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

Los análogos de purina son fármacos anticancerígenos versátiles que actúan interfiriendo con el crecimiento de las células cancerosas. Los avances recientes se centran en estrategias dirigidas y medicina personalizada para mejorar la eficacia y reducir la toxicidad.

Palabras clave:
Descubrimiento de fármacosPurinasDiseño de fármacos basado en la estructuraactividad anticancerígenacáncerquímica heterocíclica

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química Medicinal
  • Farmacología
  • Oncología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los análogos de purina son cruciales en el descubrimiento de fármacos anticancerígenos debido a su similitud estructural con las purinas naturales.
  • Estos compuestos exhiben efectos citotóxicos al alterar el metabolismo de los ácidos nucleicos, la actividad enzimática y las vías de señalización de la proliferación de las células cancerosas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el potencial anticancerígeno de los compuestos híbridos basados en purinas.
  • Evaluar sus efectos sobre la regulación del ciclo celular, la inhibición de citoquinas proinflamatorias y la expresión de genes de apoptosis en células cancerosas.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura revisada por pares sobre análogos de purina en la terapia del cáncer.
  • Enfoque en dianas moleculares, eficacia preclínica/clínica y relaciones estructura-actividad (SAR).

Principales resultados:

  • Los análogos de purina establecidos (por ejemplo, 6-mercaptopurina) son eficaces contra los cánceres hematológicos.
  • Los nuevos análogos se dirigen a quinasas, reguladores epigenéticos y puntos de control inmunitarios para tumores sólidos.
  • Se logró una mejora en la especificidad y la farmacocinética de los fármacos a través de estudios de modelado molecular y relaciones estructura-actividad (SAR).
  • Las terapias combinadas muestran efectos sinérgicos y potencial para superar la resistencia a los fármacos.

Conclusiones:

  • Los agentes anticancerígenos basados en purinas son versátiles y están en evolución, con investigaciones en curso sobre los mecanismos de acción.
  • Se están desarrollando estrategias específicas de diana y dianas terapéuticas para mejorar la eficacia y reducir la toxicidad.
  • El diseño dirigido de análogos de purina ofrece vías prometedoras para la terapia personalizada del cáncer.