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Vías de Señalización e Inhibidores en el Cáncer de Mama Triple Negativo: Progreso Actual

Amiya Das^1,2, Viney Lather³

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, NCR Campus, Delhi- NCR Campus, Delhi-Meerut Road, Modinagar-201204, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry

|January 27, 2026

Resumen

El Cáncer de Mama Triple Negativo (CMTN) es un subtipo agresivo de cáncer de mama que carece de terapias dirigidas. Los avances recientes son prometedores con inhibidores de puntos de control inmunitario y conjugados anticuerpo-fármaco, pero persisten desafíos como la heterogeneidad tumoral.

Área de la Ciencia:

Oncología
Biología Molecular
Genética

Sus antecedentes:

El Cáncer de Mama Triple Negativo (CMTN) es un subtipo agresivo de cáncer de mama, que representa el 15% de todos los diagnósticos de cáncer de mama.
El CMTN se caracteriza por la ausencia de receptores HER2, de estrógeno y de progesterona, lo que limita las opciones de tratamiento dirigido y afecta principalmente a mujeres más jóvenes.
La rápida progresión de la enfermedad, las altas tasas de recurrencia y la propensión a la metástasis contribuyen a un mal pronóstico, lo que requiere estrategias terapéuticas novedosas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar las estrategias terapéuticas actuales y emergentes para el Cáncer de Mama Triple Negativo.
Destacar el potencial de dirigirse a las vías de señalización desreguladas en el CMTN.
Discutir los desafíos y las direcciones futuras en el tratamiento del CMTN.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de hallazgos recientes de investigación clínica y molecular sobre el tratamiento del CMTN.
Identificación de vías de señalización desreguladas (PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenina, Notch, MAPK/ERK) como dianas terapéuticas.
Evaluación de modalidades de tratamiento novedosas que incluyen inhibidores de puntos de control inmunitario y conjugados anticuerpo-fármaco (ADCs).

Principales resultados:

Los inhibidores de puntos de control inmunitario (p. ej., Pembrolizumab) combinados con quimioterapia muestran beneficios significativos en el CMTN en etapa temprana y metastásico.
Los conjugados anticuerpo-fármaco (ADCs) como sacituzumab govitecan demuestran eficacia en el CMTN avanzado al administrar agentes citotóxicos y mejorar la supervivencia libre de progresión.
A pesar de los avances, obstáculos significativos como la heterogeneidad tumoral y la resistencia al tratamiento siguen siendo desafíos críticos.

Conclusiones:

Los inhibidores de moléculas pequeñas y las terapias combinadas ofrecen efectos beneficiosos para el tratamiento del CMTN.
La modulación de las vías de señalización desreguladas presenta una vía prometedora para el desarrollo de nuevas terapias contra el CMTN.
La investigación futura debe centrarse en la identificación de biomarcadores predictivos y el refinamiento de planes de tratamiento personalizados para mejorar los resultados de los pacientes con CMTN.

Palabras clave:

CMTN ensayos clínicos terapias combinadas inhibidores vías de señalización

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