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Interacción entre microbios intratumorales e inmunidad tumoral: implicaciones para la terapia tumoral
Fengxue Li1, Lili Qiao2, Xinquan Liang3
1Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
Cancer medicine
|January 27, 2026
Resumen
La microbiota intratumoral (ITM) en el microambiente tumoral inmunitario (MTI) influye en la progresión del cáncer y la respuesta al tratamiento. La comprensión de la ITM
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología
- Microbiología
- Inmunología
Sus antecedentes:
- La evidencia emergente revela microbios dentro de las células tumorales e inmunitarias, conocidos colectivamente como microbiota intratumoral (ITM).
- La ITM impacta significativamente el microambiente tumoral inmunitario (MTI), influyendo en la progresión tumoral y los resultados terapéuticos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la distribución y función de las bacterias y hongos intratumorales.
- Explorar la correlación entre la ITM y el MTI.
- Proporcionar información sobre estrategias terapéuticas basadas en ITM para el tratamiento del cáncer.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de literatura en PubMed.
- Los términos de búsqueda abarcaron varios aspectos de la ITM, el cáncer, el MTI y las aplicaciones terapéuticas.
- Se seleccionó la literatura para estudios sobre la distribución, los mecanismos y el potencial terapéutico de la ITM.
Principales resultados:
- Las bacterias y los hongos muestran una distribución variada en los tumores, ejerciendo efectos pro o antitumorales a través de mecanismos como la modulación de la respuesta inmune y la participación en vías de señalización.
- La ITM impacta la eficacia de la quimioterapia, la radioterapia y la inmunoterapia.
- Si bien algunas terapias basadas en microbios están en uso clínico, se necesita más investigación para establecer la causalidad y permitir una modulación precisa.
Conclusiones:
- La microbiota intratumoral representa un objetivo prometedor para mejorar la inmunoterapia contra el cáncer.
- La investigación futura debe priorizar el establecimiento de vínculos causales y la modulación precisa de la ITM para aplicaciones traslacionales en oncología.
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