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Efecto del hidrotratamiento en la composición del aceite de pirólisis: estudios de GC-MS
Tatiana Bochko1, Andrey Shishov1
1Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaia 7/9, 199304 Saint-Petersburg, Russia. tatibochko@yandex.ru.
Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications
|January 27, 2026
Resumen
El hidrotratamiento del aceite de pirólisis de neumáticos de desecho con catalizadores NiMo/Al2O3 elimina eficazmente los contaminantes, produciendo un combustible más limpio. Este método muestra un rendimiento superior al Pt/Al2O3 para la producción de combustible alternativo sostenible.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ingeniería Química
- Ciencia de Materiales
- Energía Sostenible
Sus antecedentes:
- El procesamiento de neumáticos de desecho presenta importantes desafíos ambientales y de recursos.
- La pirólisis de neumáticos de desecho ofrece una ruta sostenible para producir combustibles, pero requiere la eliminación de contaminantes para su uso.
- El hidrotratamiento es un proceso clave para mejorar el aceite de pirólisis en combustibles de transporte alternativos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la eficacia de los catalizadores comerciales Pt/Al2O3 y NiMo/Al2O3 en el hidrotratamiento del aceite de pirólisis de neumáticos.
- Analizar el impacto del hidrotratamiento en la composición química del aceite de pirólisis de neumáticos.
- Comparar el rendimiento de los catalizadores NiMo/Al2O3 y Pt/Al2O3 en la eliminación de compuestos indeseables.
Principales métodos:
- Pirólisis de neumáticos realizada a 500 °C en atmósfera de nitrógeno.
- Hidrotratamiento catalítico realizado en un reactor de 250 mL a 250-350 °C y 6.5 MPa de presión de hidrógeno.
- Análisis del aceite de pirólisis mediante GC-MS después de una preparación de muestra de extracción de varios pasos y tratamiento con oleum.
Principales resultados:
- El catalizador NiMo/Al2O3 eliminó eficazmente los hidrocarburos insaturados y los compuestos solubles en agua, superando al Pt/Al2O3.
- NiMo/Al2O3 demostró una eficiencia superior en la reducción del contenido de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP), azufre, nitrógeno y oxígeno.
- La fracción de diésel hidrotratada cumplió con las especificaciones clave, pero el contenido residual de HAP y azufre superó los estándares comerciales.
Conclusiones:
- NiMo/Al2O3 es un catalizador más eficaz que Pt/Al2O3 para el hidrotratamiento del aceite de pirólisis de neumáticos.
- El hidrotratamiento mejora significativamente la calidad del aceite de pirólisis de neumáticos para posibles aplicaciones de combustible.
- Se necesita una mayor optimización para cumplir con los estrictos estándares comerciales de diésel en cuanto a contenido de azufre y HAP.
Palabras clave:
hidrotratamientoaceite de pirólisis de neumáticoscatalizadores NiMo/Al2O3combustibles sosteniblesGC-MShidrocarburos insaturadoscompuestos solubles en aguahidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicosazufrenitrógenooxígenodiéselcombustibles alternativosingeniería químicaciencia de materialesenergía sostenible
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