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Dosimetría comparativa de sistemas de rayos X intraorales portátiles frente a montados en la pared: un estudio basado

Vignesh Guptha Raju¹, Rajsandeep Singh², Ameer Akhil Ahmed Shaik³

¹Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, Chennai, IND.

|January 27, 2026

Resumen

Las unidades de rayos X dentales portátiles emiten dosis de radiación más altas a los operadores y pacientes que los sistemas montados en la pared, a pesar de una calidad de imagen similar. Use los dispositivos portátiles con precaución para pacientes con movilidad reducida.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias Radiológicas
Tecnología de Imagen Dental
Seguridad Radiológica

Sus antecedentes:

Las unidades de rayos X dentales portátiles ofrecen ventajas de imagen para pacientes con movilidad restringida.
Existen preocupaciones sobre la seguridad radiológica de las unidades portátiles en comparación con los sistemas tradicionales montados en la pared.

Objetivo del estudio:

Comparar cuantitativamente las dosis de radiación equivalentes al operador y al paciente, la dispersión ambiental y la calidad de imagen diagnóstica.
Evaluar una unidad de rayos X intraoral portátil (MaxRay Cocoon) frente a una montada en la pared (Optima DC).

Principales métodos:

Se utilizó un fantoma de mandíbula de cadáver humano para radiografías estandarizadas.
Dosis del operador medidas con dosímetros personales electrónicos y TLD; dosis equivalente al paciente a partir del producto dosis-área (DAP).
Calidad de imagen evaluada mediante SNR, CNR y evaluación subjetiva del radiólogo.

Principales resultados:

Las unidades portátiles arrojaron dosis significativamente más altas en los dedos del operador (0,45 frente a 0,08 µSv), el pecho (0,18 frente a 0,05 µSv) y la tiroides (0,11 frente a 0,04 µSv).
La dosis efectiva equivalente al paciente fue mayor para las unidades portátiles (2,65 frente a 1,82 µSv).
La dispersión ambiental fue tres veces mayor con la unidad portátil; no hubo diferencias significativas en las métricas de calidad de imagen.

Conclusiones:

Las unidades de rayos X dentales portátiles resultan en dosis de radiación sustancialmente más altas para los operadores y pacientes.
Las unidades montadas en la pared deben ser el estándar siempre que sea posible; las unidades portátiles deben reservarse para necesidades clínicas específicas.
La calidad de imagen diagnóstica comparable no compensa el aumento de la exposición a la radiación de los dispositivos portátiles.

Palabras clave:

dosimetría exposición operador radiación seguridad

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