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Drogas en Canadá: Un análisis de decisión multicriterio
Jean-François Crépault1, Cayley Russell1, Mark Asbridge2
1Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
|January 27, 2026
Resumen
El análisis de decisión multicriterio (MCDA) en Canadá encontró que el alcohol causa el mayor daño a las drogas a nivel de población, seguido del tabaco y los opioides no recetados. Esto resalta la necesidad de mejores políticas de drogas que consideren los impactos individuales y sociales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública
- Farmacología
- Política de Salud
Sus antecedentes:
- El análisis de decisión multicriterio (MCDA) es un método establecido para cuantificar los daños por drogas a nivel mundial.
- Estudios previos de MCDA se han realizado en el Reino Unido, la UE, Australia y Nueva Zelanda.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Realizar un MCDA de los daños por drogas específicamente dentro del contexto canadiense.
- Informar el desarrollo de la política de drogas canadiense.
- Mejorar la comprensión pública de los daños relativos que plantean las diferentes drogas.
Principales métodos:
- Un panel de 20 expertos de seis provincias canadienses participó.
- Se evaluaron dieciséis drogas en 16 dimensiones de daño (10 individuales, 6 sociales).
- Los expertos calificaron y ponderaron cada droga y criterio de daño durante una conferencia de dos días.
Principales resultados:
- El alcohol fue identificado como la droga más dañina en general (puntuación ponderada: 79).
- Tabaco (45), opioides no recetados (33), cocaína (19), metanfetamina (19) y cannabis (15) le siguieron.
- Los resultados se alinean con evaluaciones internacionales previas de daños por drogas MCDA.
Conclusiones:
- Las puntuaciones de daño reflejan el impacto a nivel de población, influenciado por la farmacología de las drogas y la política actual.
- La alta puntuación del alcohol indica un fracaso de la política en abordar sus daños significativos.
- Los gobiernos deben considerar tanto los daños inducidos por las drogas como los inducidos por las políticas al formular políticas de drogas.
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