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Comprender los rencores: La interacción entre los sentimientos heridos y la ira

Jingyuan Sophie Li¹, C Ward Struthers¹, Jewy Ferrer¹

¹York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Personality & social psychology bulletin

|January 27, 2026

Resumen

Aferrarse a los rencores está relacionado con sentir tanto dolor como ira. Cuando ambas emociones son altas, los rencores son más fuertes, especialmente cuando el transgresor es visto como inmoral.

Área de la Ciencia:

Psicología
Psicología Social
Investigación de las Emociones

Sus antecedentes:

Las transgresiones interpersonales ocurren con frecuencia, amenazando los vínculos sociales y el bienestar individual.
Aferrarse a un rencor es una respuesta común de la víctima a las transgresiones, y el dolor y la ira se identifican como emociones centrales.
La investigación previa ha examinado principalmente los efectos independientes del dolor y la ira, descuidando su posible interacción.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar cuantitativamente la relación entre el dolor y la ira en el contexto de mantener rencores.
Probar la hipótesis de que la interacción entre el dolor y la ira predice un mantenimiento de rencores más fuerte.
Examinar el papel mediador de la inmoralidad percibida en esta interacción emocional.

Principales métodos:

Se llevaron a cabo cuatro estudios, incluyendo tres diseños no experimentales y uno experimental.
Se evaluaron el estado emocional de los participantes (dolor e ira) y la propensión a guardar rencores.
Se probó un mecanismo mediador que involucra percepciones de la moralidad del transgresor en dos estudios.

Principales resultados:

Los resultados demostraron consistentemente que las personas que experimentaban altos niveles de dolor y ira informaron rencores significativamente más fuertes.
El efecto combinado de un alto nivel de dolor y una alta nivel de ira fue mayor que el efecto de experimentar intensamente solo una de estas emociones.
La percepción del transgresor como inmoral explicó significativamente la interacción entre el dolor y la ira en relación con el mantenimiento de rencores.

Conclusiones:

La interacción entre el dolor y la ira es un factor crucial para comprender y predecir el mantenimiento de rencores.
La inmoralidad percibida del transgresor sirve como un mecanismo clave que explica por qué la combinación de dolor e ira intensifica los rencores.
Esta investigación proporciona una comprensión cuantitativa más matizada de la dinámica emocional subyacente a la formación y el mantenimiento de los rencores.

Palabras clave:

ira mantenimiento de rencores sentimientos heridos conflicto interpersonal juicio moral

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