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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Lung Capacity01:47

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In mechanics, work is done on an object when the force acting on it displaces the object. In thermodynamics, work done on a system can be estimated when the system's volume changes during any thermodynamic process.
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The Net Change Theorem is a fundamental principle in calculus that establishes a direct relationship between a function’s rate of change and its accumulated change over an interval. Mathematically, it states that the definite integral of a function's derivative over a given interval [a,b] yields the net change in the original function:This theorem has significant applications in various real-world scenarios, including physics, economics, and engineering. A particularly useful application...
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Consistent with the law of mass action, an equilibrium stressed by a change in concentration will shift to re-establish equilibrium without any change in the value of the equilibrium constant, K. When an equilibrium shifts in response to a temperature change, however, it is re-established with a different relative composition that exhibits a different value for the equilibrium constant.
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Carcinoides pulmonares: hora de cambiar las prácticas

Ana Rodrigues1,2, Nuno Coimbra2,3,4, Inês Lucena Sampaio5

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.

Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)
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PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Este estudio de carcinoides pulmonares encontró variadas aproximaciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas, destacando la necesidad de una atención estandarizada. Los datos del mundo real revelan brechas en el manejo de estos raros tumores neuroendocrinos.

Palabras clave:
carcinoides pulmonarestumores neuroendocrinosdatos del mundo realestudio retrospectivo

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Oncología; Neumología; Medicina Nuclear

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los carcinoides pulmonares, tumores neuroendocrinos (TNE) raros, comprenden el 1-2% de los cánceres de pulmón. El manejo clínico a menudo sigue protocolos generales de cáncer de pulmón, no guías específicas para TNE.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Analizar una experiencia de 12 años en el mundo real con carcinoides pulmonares. Identificar brechas en la atención diagnóstica, terapéutica y de seguimiento en un Centro Integral de Cáncer.

Principales métodos:

  • Estudio de cohorte observacional retrospectivo de 129 pacientes adultos con carcinoides pulmonares. Datos recopilados: demografía, presentación clínica, imagenología (FDG-PET/CT, SSTR-PET/CT) y tratamiento. Análisis descriptivo de los datos recopilados.

Principales resultados:

  • La mayoría de los pacientes (65,1%) presentaron enfermedad en estadio temprano; el 17,1% tenía estadio IV. La cirugía fue el tratamiento principal para el 78,3% de los pacientes. Se observó heterogeneidad en la imagenología diagnóstica, con uso frecuente de FDG-PET/CT incluso en carcinoides típicos.

Conclusiones:

  • Los datos del mundo real revelan heterogeneidad en la vía diagnóstica y seguimiento no estandarizado para los carcinoides pulmonares. Se identificó un uso excesivo de FDG-PET/CT en carcinoides típicos. Necesidad de juntas dedicadas multidisciplinarias de TNE de pulmón y centros de referencia para estandarizar el manejo.