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Entradas olfativas a las neuronas del apetito en el hipotálamo

Donghui Kuang1, Naresh K Hanchate1, Chia-Ying Lee1

  • 1Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 27, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

El olfato influye en el apetito a través de distintas vías neuronales. Los investigadores mapearon cómo las señales olfativas llegan a las neuronas que estimulan el apetito (AgRP) y suprimen el apetito (POMC) en el hipotálamo, revelando un enrutamiento complejo.

Palabras clave:
apetitocircuitosolfativo

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Neuroendocrinología
  • Sistemas Sensoriales

Sus antecedentes:

  • El sentido del olfato impacta profundamente la regulación del apetito.
  • Los circuitos neuronales que vinculan los estímulos olfativos con el control del apetito siguen estando en gran medida sin caracterizar.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Elucidar las vías neuronales que transmiten información olfativa a las neuronas hipotalámicas que regulan el apetito.
  • Diferenciar el procesamiento de señales olfativas por las neuronas que estimulan el apetito (AgRP) y las que suprimen el apetito (POMC).

Principales métodos:

  • Trazado viral polisináptico para mapear las entradas neuronales.
  • Transcriptómica de célula única para analizar la expresión de receptores.
  • Integración de trazado viral y localización de ARN para identificar pares ligando-receptor.

Principales resultados:

  • Las neuronas AgRP y POMC reciben información olfativa indirecta de áreas distintas y parcialmente superpuestas de la corteza olfativa.
  • Se identificaron diferentes poblaciones neuronales upstream como posibles relevos para las señales olfativas.
  • Las neuronas AgRP exhiben una expresión heterogénea de receptores neuromoduladores, lo que sugiere una recepción de señales variada.
  • Se identificaron regiones cerebrales específicas con neuronas upstream que expresan ligandos de receptores cognados.

Conclusiones:

  • Múltiples vías neuronales distintas enrutan de manera diferencial las señales olfativas y moduladoras a las neuronas que promueven el apetito y a las que lo inhiben.
  • Esto proporciona un marco para comprender cómo el olfato influye en el comportamiento alimentario.
  • Destaca la complejidad del control del apetito impulsado por el olfato en el hipotálamo.