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La actividad del canal TRPV3 ayuda a las neuronas corticales a mantenerse activas durante la fiebre
Yiming Shen1, Richárd Fiáth2, Baskar Mohana Krishnan1
1Section on Neural Circuits, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.
eLife
|January 27, 2026
Resumen
El canal iónico TRPV3 ayuda a mantener estable la actividad cerebral durante la fiebre al permitir que las neuronas permanezcan activas. Este descubrimiento es crucial para comprender las convulsiones inducidas por la fiebre en niños.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia; Fisiología; Biología Molecular
Sus antecedentes:
- La fiebre, una temperatura corporal elevada, puede aumentar paradójicamente la actividad neuronal.
- Aunque generalmente son seguras, las fiebres altas pueden desencadenar convulsiones en niños pequeños.
- Los mecanismos que estabilizan la actividad neuronal durante la fiebre no están claros.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo se mantiene la actividad neuronal durante temperaturas en el rango de la fiebre.
- Identificar los mecanismos moleculares que contribuyen a la producción cortical estable durante el aumento de la temperatura corporal.
Principales métodos:
- Se registró la actividad neuronal (disparos) en la corteza somatosensorial del ratón a diferentes temperaturas (30 °C, 36 °C, 39 °C).
- Se utilizó el bloqueo intracelular de canales iónicos (TRPV3, TRPV4) y modelos genéticos de eliminación (ratones Trpv3-/-).
- Se analizó la proporción de neuronas que mantenían la actividad (neuronas piramidales 'STAY') y su estabilidad de disparo.
Principales resultados:
- Un subconjunto de neuronas piramidales 'STAY' permaneció activo en todas las temperaturas, crucial para la salida cortical estable.
- Se identificó el canal TRPV3, sensible a la temperatura, como clave para mantener la estabilidad de la despolarización.
- El bloqueo o la eliminación de TRPV3 redujo la actividad de las neuronas 'STAY' y retrasó el inicio de las convulsiones en ratones a 39 °C.
Conclusiones:
- Los canales TRPV3 desempeñan un papel fundamental en la preservación de la actividad neuronal cortical durante la fiebre.
- TRPV3 contribuye a prevenir la hiperexcitabilidad neuronal anormal y las convulsiones asociadas con la fiebre.
- Los hallazgos sugieren que TRPV3 es un objetivo potencial para el manejo de las complicaciones neurológicas relacionadas con la fiebre.
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