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Altos niveles continuos de infecciones invasivas por Streptococcus pyogenes en niños belgas menores de 5 años:
Laura Cornelissen1, Frederik De Keersmaeker1, Sien De Koster2
1From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
The Pediatric infectious disease journal
|January 28, 2026
Resumen
Las infecciones invasivas por Streptococcus del grupo A (iGAS) en niños belgas pequeños se mantuvieron elevadas pospandemia. La circulación del virus de la varicela, no de otros virus respiratorios, se correlacionó con el aumento de iGAS, lo que sugiere causas multifactoriales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas
- Epidemiología
- Microbiología
Sus antecedentes:
- Se produjo un aumento internacional de las infecciones invasivas por Streptococcus del grupo A (iGAS) a finales de 2022-principios de 2023.
- Los informes anteriores se centraron en gran medida en el período pospandemia, dejando poco claros los factores contribuyentes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la epidemiología de iGAS en niños belgas menores de cinco años.
- Evaluar el impacto de las infecciones virales coinfectantes en la incidencia de iGAS.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de datos de laboratorio belgas de enero de 2014 a diciembre de 2024.
- Análisis de cointegración para evaluar la relación entre los casos de iGAS y las enfermedades virales (varicela, VRS, influenza) después del ajuste de estacionalidad.
Principales resultados:
- Los casos de iGAS aumentaron a partir de junio de 2022, alcanzando su punto máximo en abril de 2023 y manteniéndose elevados hasta principios de 2024.
- La reducción de la inmunidad poblacional por sí sola no explicó el aumento de iGAS.
- La incidencia de varicela, pero no la de VRS o influenza, mostró una fuerte correlación con los niveles de iGAS.
- Las sucesivas genotipos dominantes de iGAS (emm12, emm1, emm3) sugieren complejas dinámicas de transmisión.
Conclusiones:
- Las infecciones por iGAS persistieron a niveles elevados hasta dos años después de la interrupción de las intervenciones no farmacéuticas.
- El aumento de iGAS es multifactorial, y la coinfección por varicela es un factor importante.
- La vigilancia continua y de alta calidad es crucial para monitorear las tendencias de iGAS.
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