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Respuestas específicas de la edad a la realidad virtual inmersiva durante la venopunción pediátrica: evidencia de la
Domonkos Tinka1, Mohammad Milad Shafaie2, Péter Prukner3
1Doctoral School of Economic and Regional Sciences, Széchenyi István University, 9026 Győr, Hungary.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
Resumen
La realidad virtual (RV) redujo eficazmente el dolor de la venopunción en niños, pero no en adolescentes. Adaptar el contenido de RV a la edad es crucial para los pacientes pediátricos mayores para maximizar el alivio del dolor durante los procedimientos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Manejo del dolor pediátrico
- Aplicaciones de realidad virtual
- Psicología del desarrollo
Sus antecedentes:
- La realidad virtual (RV) se utiliza cada vez más para la reducción del dolor en procedimientos pediátricos.
- La eficacia de la RV para el dolor puede diferir según la edad y el género.
- Necesidad de evaluar el impacto de la RV en el dolor de la venopunción y el acuerdo entre padres e hijos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la eficacia de la RV inmersiva en la reducción del dolor de la venopunción en niños y adolescentes.
- Examinar el acuerdo entre padres y pacientes sobre la percepción del dolor.
- Investigar las respuestas específicas de género a la RV para el manejo del dolor.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio clínico prospectivo, no aleatorizado con asignación 1:1 (RV vs. atención estándar).
- Participantes de 4 a 18 años se sometieron a venopunción.
- El dolor se evaluó utilizando la Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R); se utilizó ANCOVA para el análisis.
Principales resultados:
- La RV redujo significativamente el dolor en niños (p=0,003) pero no en adolescentes (p=0,60).
- Las niñas mostraron la reducción de dolor más significativa entre los niños (p=0,011).
- El acuerdo entre padres y pacientes fue más fuerte en niños que en adolescentes; la RV no alteró esto.
Conclusiones:
- La RV inmersiva es eficaz para el dolor de la venopunción pediátrica, especialmente en niños más pequeños.
- Los adolescentes requieren contenido de RV apropiado para su edad o más interactivo para un compromiso y alivio del dolor óptimos.
- La RV muestra promesa como herramienta de distracción selectiva, adaptable a las necesidades de desarrollo pediátrico.
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