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Biomarcadores Urinarios para la Cistitis por Radiación: Perspectivas Actuales y Direcciones Futuras
Rani Mahyoob1, Bernadette M M Zwaans1,2
1Department of Urology, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
International journal of molecular sciences
|January 28, 2026
Resumen
Esta revisión explora biomarcadores urinarios para el diagnóstico de la cistitis por radiación (CR), una complicación desafiante de la radioterapia pélvica. La comprensión de estas firmas moleculares puede conducir a una detección más temprana y a mejores resultados para los pacientes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Urología
- Oncología
- Bioquímica
Sus antecedentes:
- La cistitis por radiación (CR) es una complicación progresiva de la radioterapia pélvica.
- El diagnóstico actual es un desafío debido a síntomas inespecíficos y la falta de herramientas moleculares validadas.
- La orina es un biofluido valioso para comprender la patogénesis de la CR.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar los biomarcadores urinarios para las fases aguda, latente y crónica de la CR.
- Integrar conocimientos mecanicistas sobre la patogénesis de la CR y la liberación de analitos urinarios.
- Destacar las oportunidades para diagnósticos basados en orina en la CR.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión exhaustiva de la literatura actual sobre biomarcadores urinarios en la CR.
- Síntesis de vías moleculares y firmas urinarias correspondientes.
- Integración de conocimientos mecanicistas que incluyen daño del ADN, estrés oxidativo y fibrosis.
Principales resultados:
- Identificó diversos biomarcadores urinarios en las fases de CR (citoquinas, productos de estrés oxidativo, vesículas extracelulares, miRNAs, etc.).
- Vinculó mecanismos moleculares (ROS, hipoxia, TGF-β) con perfiles de analitos urinarios.
- Destacó el potencial de las mediciones basadas en orina para la detección temprana, la estratificación del riesgo y el monitoreo.
Conclusiones:
- Los biomarcadores urinarios ofrecen una vía prometedora para el diagnóstico temprano y preciso de la CR.
- La comprensión de los mecanismos moleculares es clave para el desarrollo de herramientas de diagnóstico efectivas basadas en orina.
- Los diagnósticos de precisión que utilizan perfiles urinarios pueden mejorar los resultados a largo plazo para los pacientes con CR.
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