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Arsénico inorgánico en bebidas vegetales a base de arroz: presencia en productos del mercado italiano y evaluación de

Marilena D'Amato¹, Anna Chiara Turco¹, Teresa D'Amore¹

¹Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 28, 2026

Resumen

El arsénico inorgánico (iAs) en las bebidas vegetales a base de arroz italianas se encuentra predominantemente como iAs, y todas las muestras cumplen con los límites de seguridad europeos. Sin embargo, los consumidores habituales en la primera infancia pueden enfrentar un pequeño margen de exposición, lo que requiere un monitoreo continuo.

Área de la Ciencia:

Seguridad alimentaria y toxicología
Química ambiental
Nutrición de salud pública.

Sus antecedentes:

El arsénico inorgánico (iAs) es un contaminante tóxico y carcinogénico presente en los alimentos.
El arroz y los productos a base de arroz son fuentes importantes de exposición dietética a iAs.
Las especies de arsénico orgánico (oAs) generalmente tienen una toxicidad menor que el iAs.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar la presencia de arsénico inorgánico (iAs) y arsénico orgánico (oAs) en bebidas vegetales a base de arroz italianas.
Determinar la exposición dietética a iAs para diferentes grupos de edad basándose en datos de consumo.
Evaluar la seguridad de las bebidas vegetales a base de arroz en relación con la normativa europea sobre iAs.

Principales métodos:

Desarrollo y validación de un método para la determinación simultánea de iAs, arsenobetaina (AB), ácido monometilarsónico (MMA) y ácido dimetilarsínico (DMA).
Análisis de 25 bebidas vegetales representativas a base de arroz del mercado italiano.
Integración de datos de presencia con datos de consumo de alimentos italianos para la evaluación de la exposición.

Principales resultados:

Las bebidas vegetales a base de arroz mostraron perfiles de contaminación homogéneos, siendo el iAs la especie predominante.
Todas las muestras analizadas cumplieron con el nivel máximo europeo de iAs en bebidas vegetales a base de arroz no alcohólicas.
La ingesta estimada de iAs para consumidores habituales en la primera infancia indicó un pequeño margen de exposición.

Conclusiones:

Si bien las bebidas de arroz contribuyen de manera marginal a la exposición general de la población a iAs, los subgrupos vulnerables como los niños pequeños merecen atención.
El monitoreo continuo de iAs en bebidas vegetales es crucial debido a los cambios en los hábitos alimentarios.
Las evaluaciones de exposición refinadas a través de monitoreo continuo y encuestas de consumo actualizadas son esenciales para la protección de la salud pública.

Palabras clave:

HPLC-ICP-MS arsénico dietas saludables arsénico inorgánico bebidas vegetales bebidas a base de arroz evaluación de riesgos caracterización de riesgos comunicación de riesgos especiación

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