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Utilización de la Arteria Masetérica para Navegar el Nervio Masetérico en Cirugía de Reanimación Facial
Stefan Rössler1,2, Wolfgang Zemann3, Niels Hammer1,4,5
1Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|January 28, 2026
Resumen
La arteria masetérica (Ma) a menudo entra en el músculo masetero (Mm) cerca del nervio masetérico (Mn). Comprender su relación ayuda en la cirugía de reanimación facial, pero la Ma
Área de la Ciencia:
- Anatomía
- Anatomía Quirúrgica
- Anatomía de Cabeza y Cuello
Sus antecedentes:
- La arteria masetérica (Ma) entra en el músculo masetero (Mm) junto con el nervio masetérico (Mn) a través de la escotadura mandibular.
- El conocimiento detallado del curso intramuscular de la Ma y su relación con el Mn es limitado.
- Una relación anatómica consistente podría ayudar en la cirugía de reanimación facial y la localización ecográfica del Mn.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el curso intramuscular de la arteria masetérica (Ma).
- Aclarar la relación entre la arteria masetérica (Ma) y el nervio masetérico (Mn) dentro del músculo masetero (Mm).
- Evaluar la utilidad potencial de la Ma para la orientación intramuscular y la localización indirecta del Mn.
Principales métodos:
- Examen de sesenta hemicráneos de treinta individuos postmortem embalsamados con Thiel (edad 54-99 años).
- Análisis de los patrones de ramificación intramuscular y la relación espacial de la arteria masetérica (Ma) con el nervio masetérico (Mn).
- Clasificación del curso terminal de la arteria masetérica (Ma) dentro del músculo masetero (Mm).
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron cuatro tipos de terminación de la arteria masetérica (Ma) dentro del músculo masetero (Mm): Tipo 0 (5%), Tipo 1 tercio superior (48.3%), Tipo 2 tercio medio (41.7%) y Tipo 3 tercio inferior (5%).
- La Ma entró consistentemente en el Mm inferior y, en el 85% de los casos, ligeramente posterior al Mn.
- El tronco principal de la Ma cruzó el Mn en el tercio superior y medio del Mm en el 31.7% y 23.3% de los casos, respectivamente; ramas más pequeñas cruzaron el Mn en el 45% de los casos.
Conclusiones:
- La arteria masetérica (Ma), cuando está presente, puede servir como un punto de referencia intramuscular para la orientación y la localización indirecta del nervio masetérico (Mn) a través de la escotadura mandibular.
- El alcance limitado de la Ma en el tercio inferior del músculo masetero (Mm) la hace inadecuada para la orientación intramuscular distal para localizar el Mn.
- Los hallazgos proporcionan valiosas perspectivas anatómicas para los cirujanos que realizan procedimientos de reanimación facial que involucran el nervio masetérico (Mn).
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