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Optimización Selectiva de Refuerzo para Laminados Compuestos

Artem Balashov1, Anna Burduk1, Michał Krzysztoporski1

  • 1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Politechnika Wroclawska, ul. I. Łukasiewicza 5, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La Optimización Selectiva de Refuerzo (SRO) crea laminados compuestos ligeros para la fabricación aditiva reforzando las áreas de estrés crítico. Este método produce directamente diseños listos para la fabricación, reduciendo el peso en un 10-30% de manera eficiente.

Palabras clave:
DBSCANcriterio de Tsai-Wufabricación aditivamaterial compuestooptimización selectiva de refuerzooptimización estructural

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales; Ingeniería Mecánica; Fabricación Aditiva

Sus antecedentes:

  • La fabricación aditiva de laminados compuestos exige una distribución optimizada del material para la reducción de peso y la integridad estructural.
  • Los métodos tradicionales de optimización topológica generan campos de densidad continuos inadecuados para la fabricación de compuestos basada en capas.
  • Los métodos existentes a menudo requieren un postprocesamiento extenso para generar diseños listos para la fabricación.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Introducir la Optimización Selectiva de Refuerzo (SRO), una metodología novedosa impulsada por el estrés para el diseño de laminados compuestos para la fabricación aditiva.
  • Desarrollar un marco computacionalmente eficiente y orientado a la producción para el diseño automatizado de estructuras compuestas en capas.
  • Permitir una reducción significativa de peso garantizando la integridad estructural y la fabricabilidad.

Principales métodos:

  • SRO convierte las capas de laminado con carga uniforme en 'parches' de refuerzo localizados en concentraciones de estrés críticas.
  • Utiliza análisis estadístico por capas de los índices de falla de Tsai-Wu y la agrupación DBSCAN para identificar y extraer regiones de estrés críticas.
  • Emplea un algoritmo personalizado de 'envolvente cóncava' para generar geometrías de límites compatibles con CAD y opera en modos iterativos de aligeramiento y fortalecimiento.

Principales resultados:

  • Se demostraron reducciones de peso del 10-30% en estudios de caso manteniendo los índices de falla por debajo de la unidad.
  • Se logró una convergencia típica en menos de 100 iteraciones, lo que indica eficiencia computacional.
  • Genera directamente geometrías de parches discretos compatibles con la fabricación aditiva de compuestos, eliminando un extenso postprocesamiento.

Conclusiones:

  • SRO ofrece un enfoque directo, eficiente y orientado a la producción para el diseño de laminados compuestos ligeros mediante fabricación aditiva.
  • La metodología aborda con éxito la incompatibilidad de la optimización topológica tradicional con la fabricación basada en capas.
  • SRO proporciona un marco viable para el diseño automatizado, mejorando la fabricabilidad y el rendimiento de las estructuras compuestas avanzadas.