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El panorama cambiante de las necesidades de sodio en el recién nacido pretérmino para optimizar el crecimiento y el
Chrysoula Kosmeri1, Maria Baltogianni2, Niki Dermitzaki2
1Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece.
Nutrients
|January 28, 2026
Resumen
Los lactantes prematuros tienen riñones inmaduros, lo que provoca una pérdida significativa de sodio (Na). Definir la ingesta óptima de sodio es crucial para su crecimiento y desarrollo, sin embargo, las directrices actuales varían.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neonatología; Nefrología Pediátrica; Bioquímica
Sus antecedentes:
- El sodio (Na) es vital para el equilibrio de líquidos y el rápido crecimiento en los neonatos.; Los lactantes prematuros experimentan pérdidas renales significativas de sodio debido a túbulos inmaduros.; Los datos existentes sobre las necesidades de sodio a menudo provienen de lactantes más maduros, no de la población extremadamente prematura.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la evidencia actual sobre los requerimientos de sodio en lactantes prematuros.; Aclarar las estrategias óptimas de suplementación de sodio para neonatos prematuros.; Destacar las lagunas de conocimiento y la necesidad de más investigación en esta población vulnerable.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión narrativa de la literatura científica clásica y contemporánea.; Análisis de datos sobre el balance de sodio y la excreción fraccional de sodio (FENa) en lactantes prematuros.; Comparación de las directrices internacionales actuales para la suplementación de sodio.
Principales resultados:
- Los lactantes prematuros presentan pérdidas renales significativas de sodio, con túbulos inmaduros.; La excreción fraccional de sodio (FENa) se correlaciona inversamente con la edad gestacional y posnatal.; Las directrices actuales sobre la ingesta de sodio (por ejemplo, ESPGHAN frente a AAP) muestran una variación considerable.
Conclusiones:
- La provisión óptima de sodio para los lactantes prematuros sigue estando insuficientemente definida.; Se necesita más investigación para comprender el metabolismo del sodio en los lactantes extremadamente prematuros.; Las estrategias de suplementación basadas en la evidencia son cruciales para mejorar los resultados de los lactantes prematuros.
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