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Sistema de Adquisición de Nubes de Puntos Óptico-Inercial y Boceto de Bajo Costo
Tung-Chen Chao1, Hsi-Fu Shih1, Chuen-Lin Tien2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
Resumen
Este estudio presenta un novedoso sistema de adquisición de nubes de puntos 3D ópticos que utiliza sensores de desplazamiento e inerciales. Ofrece una solución más simple y eficiente para el escaneo 3D en tiempo real de objetos independientemente de su tamaño.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Sistemas de medición óptica
- Tecnologías de escaneo 3D
- Fusión de sensores
Sus antecedentes:
- Las técnicas tradicionales de medición 3D a menudo están limitadas por el tamaño del objeto.
- La percepción espacial precisa y el procesamiento de datos son cruciales para la generación de nubes de puntos 3D.
- Los sistemas existentes pueden carecer de eficiencia y interfaces fáciles de usar.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar un sistema de adquisición y boceto de nubes de puntos 3D ópticos.
- Superar las limitaciones de tamaño de los métodos convencionales de medición 3D.
- Proporcionar una interfaz en tiempo real y fácil de usar para el escaneo 3D.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó un sensor óptico de desplazamiento para el escaneo de superficies.
- Se integró un sensor inercial de seis ejes (acelerómetro y giroscopio) para la actitud espacial.
- Se empleó una unidad de control de microprocesador (MCU) para la adquisición, fusión y cálculo de datos.
- Se implementó el filtrado complementario de Butterworth y Mahoney para el procesamiento de señales.
Principales resultados:
- Se logró un error máximo de medición del 4,7% en planos 2D (error RMS del 2,1%).
- Se obtuvo un error máximo de medición del 5,3% en objetos 3D (error RMS del 2,4%).
- Se demostró la aplicabilidad a objetos 3D de gran tamaño para la adquisición de contornos.
Conclusiones:
- El sistema propuesto ofrece una arquitectura de hardware más simple y algoritmos más eficientes.
- El sistema proporciona funciones mejoradas de operación, inspección y observación.
- Este sistema de escaneo 3D óptico es versátil y eficaz para varios tamaños de objetos.
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