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Redefinición de las Necesidades Protésicas: Perspectivas de Personas con Pérdida de Extremidad Superior - Una
Andreia Caldas1, Demétrio Matos1, Adam de Eyto2
1ID+ Research Institute for Design, Media and Culture, School of Design, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave (IPCA), 4750-810 Barcelos, Portugal.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
Resumen
Las altas tasas de abandono de prótesis de extremidades superiores persisten porque los dispositivos actuales a menudo no satisfacen las necesidades funcionales y psicosociales de los usuarios. Los futuros diseños de prótesis deben priorizar enfoques interdisciplinarios centrados en el usuario para una mejor aceptación y calidad de vida.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Prótesis y Ortesis; Ingeniería de Rehabilitación; Interacción Humano-Computadora
Sus antecedentes:
- La pérdida de extremidades superiores impacta significativamente la vida diaria, la autopercepción y la participación social.
- A pesar del progreso tecnológico, las altas tasas de abandono de prótesis de extremidades superiores indican necesidades insatisfechas de los usuarios.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Sintetizar las necesidades reportadas por los usuarios en las dimensiones ergonómica, funcional y psicosocial para usuarios de prótesis de extremidades superiores.
- Identificar los factores clave que contribuyen a la satisfacción y el abandono de las prótesis.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA.
- Se buscó en Web of Science (2016-2023) estudios que informaran perspectivas directas de los usuarios sobre prótesis de extremidades superiores.
- Se incluyeron 31 estudios que analizaron evidencia reportada por usuarios sobre usabilidad, funcionalidad y experiencias vividas.
Principales resultados:
- El rendimiento funcional, la comodidad, el peso, el control y la fiabilidad están estrechamente relacionados con factores psicosociales como la confianza y la participación social.
- Los avances tecnológicos no han mejorado consistentemente la satisfacción del usuario, lo que lleva a un abandono continuo.
- Las necesidades de los usuarios a menudo permanecen desalineadas con las soluciones protésicas actuales.
Conclusiones:
- Un enfoque interdisciplinario centrado en el usuario es crucial para desarrollar prótesis de extremidades superiores más utilizables y aceptables.
- La traducción de las necesidades reportadas por los usuarios en directrices de diseño puede cerrar la brecha entre las expectativas y las capacidades.
- La mejora del diseño protésico puede mejorar la adopción a largo plazo y la calidad de vida de los usuarios.
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