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Más allá del sistema auditivo: implicaciones cognitivas de la pérdida auditiva relacionada con la edad

Fabiola Paciello^1,2, Anna Pisani³, Anna Rita Fetoni³

¹Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience

|January 28, 2026

Resumen

La pérdida auditiva relacionada con la edad (PARE) es más que una disfunción sensorial; se relaciona con problemas neurológicos como la demencia. Comprender sus efectos extra-auditivos es clave para tratar tanto la audición como el deterioro cognitivo.

Área de la Ciencia:

Neurociencia
Gerontología
Otorrinolaringología

Sus antecedentes:

La pérdida auditiva relacionada con la edad (PARE) es una discapacidad común en adultos mayores.
La PARE se relaciona con trastornos neurológicos (p. ej., demencia), problemas de salud mental y aislamiento social.
La PARE puede implicar mecanismos patogénicos compartidos con enfermedades neurodegenerativas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar las características clínicas, los factores de riesgo y las vías moleculares de la PARE.
Examinar los mecanismos moleculares periféricos y centrales de la PARE.
Discutir las comorbilidades cognitivas y afectivas de la PARE.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura sobre PARE.
Análisis de las vías moleculares en la cóclea y la corteza auditiva.
Examen de los trastornos cognitivos y afectivos asociados con la PARE.

Principales resultados:

La PARE implica dominios extra-auditivos complejos más allá de la disfunción sensorial.
Mecanismos moleculares comunes vinculan la vulnerabilidad auditiva y cognitiva relacionada con la edad.
Las redes neuronales superpuestas pueden estar involucradas en la neurodegeneración auditiva y cognitiva.

Conclusiones:

La PARE debe considerarse una enfermedad compleja con implicaciones sistémicas.
La identificación de factores de riesgo compartidos puede ayudar en el desarrollo de intervenciones para la salud auditiva y cognitiva.
La exploración de las consecuencias extra-auditivas de la PARE es crucial para la investigación traslacional y el desarrollo terapéutico.

Palabras clave:

envejecimiento sistema auditivo deterioro cognitivo pérdida de audición trastornos del estado de ánimo

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