Del la lógica de la coordinación al razonamiento dirigido a objetivos: el giro agéntico en la inteligencia artificial

The rise of agentic artificial intelligence (Agentic AI) marks a transition from systems that optimize externally specified objectives to systems capable of representing, evaluating, and revising their own goals. Whereas earlier AI architectures executed fixed task specifications, agentic systems maintain recursive loops of perception, evaluation, goal-updating, and action, allowing them to sustain and adapt purposive activity across temporal and organizational scales. This paper argues that Agentic AI is not an incremental extension of large language models (LLMs) or autonomous agents in the sense we know it from classical AI and multi-agent systems, but a reconstitution of agency itself within computational substrates. Building on the logic of coordination, delegation, and self-regulation developed in early agent-based process management systems, we propose a general theory of synthetic purposiveness, where agency emerges as a distributed and self-maintaining property of artificial systems operating in open-ended environments. We develop the concept of synthetic teleology-the engineered capacity of artificial systems to generate and regulate goals through ongoing self-evaluation-and we formalize its dynamics through a recursive goal-maintenance equation. We further outline design patterns, computational semantics, and measurable indicators of purposiveness (e.g., teleological coherence, adaptive recovery, and reflective efficiency), providing a foundation for the systematic design and empirical investigation of agentic behaviour. By reclaiming agency as a first-class construct in artificial intelligence, we argue for a paradigm shift from algorithmic optimization toward goal-directed reasoning and purposive orchestration-one with far-reaching epistemic, societal, and institutional consequences.